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PMLS 1 MODULE 1 > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Republic Act (R.A.) No. 5527

A

Philippine Medical Technology

Act of 1969, the practice of Medical Laboratory Science/ Medical Technology

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2
Q

Republic Act (R.A.) No. 5527 definition

A

the practice of medical technology as an auxiliary branch of medicine which deals with examinations using various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, and other medical laboratory procedures or techniques that will aid the physician in diagnosis, study, and treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in
general.

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3
Q

Fagelson (1961)

A

Branch of medicine concerned with the performance of laboratory
determinations and analyses used in the diagnosis and treatment of disease
and the maintenance of health

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4
Q

Walters (1966)

A

The health profession concerned with performing laboratory analyses in
view of obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases as well as in the maintenance of good health

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5
Q

Heinemann (1963)

A

Application of the principles of natural, physical, and biological sciences in
laboratory procedures to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases

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6
Q

Molecular biology laboratories

A

performs nucleic

acid amplification tests and DNA-based assays

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7
Q

Medical Technologist

A

a person who engages
in the work of medical technology under the supervision of a pathologist or a licensed
physician

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8
Q

Pathologist

A

a duly registered physician who is specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine, or the gross and microscopic study and interpretation of tissues, secretions, and excretions of the human body and
its functions in order to diagnose disease

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9
Q

Medical Laboratory Technician

A

a person certified and registered with the Board of Medical Technology as qualified to assist a medical technologist and/or qualified pathologist

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10
Q

Phlebotomist

A

an individual trained to draw blood either for laboratory tests or for
blood donations.

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11
Q

Blood Bank Technologists

A

specialized in the process of testing and preparation of blood and blood products for transfusion

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12
Q

Cytotechnologists

A

specialized in the preparation of cell slides for microscopic study and detection of cellular abnormalities

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13
Q

Histotechnologists

A

specialized in preparation of solid tissue samples for examination under the microscope

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14
Q

Five roles of MT

A
  • Laboratory Diagnosis of Medical Conditions
  • Monitoring of Treatments
  • Prevention and Control of Diseases and Infection
  • Preparation of Safe Blood and Blood products
  • Biological and Medical Research
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15
Q

Vivian Herrick

A

traces the beginning of medical technology to as early as 1550 BC when
the first documented records of parasites and parasitic infections were made.

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16
Q

Ebers papyrus (1500 BC)

A
  • oldest preserved Egyptian compilation of medical texts.

- first accounted records of intestinal parasitic infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia species

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17
Q

Sushruta (600 BC)

A
  • Hindu physician
    -described diabetes as characterized by passage of
    large amount of urine
  • madhumeha (‘honey urine’)
    from diabetes patients is sweet in taste and can attract black ants.
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18
Q

Hippocrates (300 BC)

A
  • Greek physician considered as the “father of medicine” and author of the
    Hippocratic oath
  • Described four humors (body fluids)
    -Concluded that the appearance of bubbles, blood, and pus in urine indicated kidney disease and chronic illnesses
    -Adopted a triad of drugs, surgery, and bloodletting in treating diseases and
    infection
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19
Q

four humors

A
  • Blood (sanguis)
  • Yellow bile (khole)
  • Black bile (melaina khole)
  • Phlegm (phlegma)
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20
Q

Blood (sanguis)

A

Sanguine: Courageous, hopeful, playful, carefree

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21
Q

Yellow bile (khole)

A

Choleric: Ambitious, leader-like, restless, easily angered

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22
Q

Black bile (melaina khole)

A

Melancholic: Despondent, quiet, analytical, serious

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23
Q

Phlegm (phlegma)

A

Phlegmatic: Calm, thoughtful, patient, peaceful

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24
Q

Galen (180 AD)

A

-diabetes as “diarrhea of urine”
- established the relationship
between fluid intake and urine volume

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25
Q

Ruth Williams

A

medical technology began from the medieval period.

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26
Q

Medieval Period (1098-1438)

A
  • ‘water casting’ (uroscopy) was widely practiced.
    -Urinalysis became commonplace and was a practice that was followed with exaggerated zeal. Patients submitted their urine specimen in decorative flasks.
    -Physicians who failed to examine the urine samples were subjected to public
    beatings.
27
Q

Anna Fagelson

A

14th century.

28
Q

Alessandra Gillani (14th century)

A

-hired at the University of Bologna by Mondino de’ Liuzzi, an Italian doctor,
to perform some tests and other tasks in the laboratory.
-died from a laboratory-acquired disease in 1326

29
Q

Marcello Malphigi

A

-‘greatest’ of the early microscopists
- renowned for his exploration of embryology and physiology of the
glands and the viscera.
-founding father of modern anatomic pathology

30
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

-father of microscopic pathology
-world’s first pathology laboratory
- first scientist/ physician of the time who emphasized the study of the
manifestation of diseases and infections, which are visible at the cellular level
by means of a microscope.

31
Q

Von Ziemssen (1886)

A
  • first hospital-attached clinical laboratory in Munich, Germany
    -well-conceived with
    a chemical, a physical, and a bacteriological department, a working library, and rooms for practical courses and the examination of patients.
32
Q

Which country brought the MT profession to the PH?

A

US, Americans

33
Q

Massachusetts General Hospital (MassGen, Training hospital of Harvard Medical
School)

A
  • 1847: Established the position of “Chemist-Microscopist” whose duties included assisting at autopsies
  • 1854: John Bacon Jr. was employed as the Chemist- Microscopist. However, he
    later suggested to separate the duties of the hospital microscopist and the
    hospital chemist.
  • 1855: Dr. Calvin Ellis became the hospital microscopist. He is the first in the hospital to significantly utilize the microscope in examination of specimens
    leading to a diagnosis.
34
Q

Dr. William Welch

A

1878: Opened a teaching laboratory at Bellevue Medical College (New York
University Medical School) after studying several German laboratories.
▪ He gave the first laboratory course in pathology offered in an American
Medical School
▪ Became the first physician recruited to be a professor at the Johns Hopkins
University in 1886

35
Q

William Pepper Laboratory of Clinical Medicine (1895)

A

Established by the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
▪ Considered by many as the first legitimate clinical science laboratory in the
United States

36
Q

University of Michigan Hospital

A

Opened the first well-equipped chemical laboratory related to medicine, where Dr. Douglas (unspecified) was the first to give laboratory instructions.

37
Q

Johns Hopkins Hospital

A

Opened its clinical laboratory in 1896
▪ 1898: Dr. William Osler, a Canadian physician and professor, established ward
laboratories at the Johns Hopkins Hospital where routine tests were performed
by attending physicians.

38
Q

Rockefeller Institute (1903)

A

Located in New York; Established its own clinical laboratory headed by Dr.
Simon Flexner

39
Q

James Campbell Todd (1908)

A

Wrote a book entitled Clinical Diagnosis: A Manual of Laboratory Methods,
which described the techniques and procedures of the laboratory tests
available then

40
Q

John Bernard Henry

A

Edited the book authored by Todd. The said book was later named as Henry’s
Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. This book then
became the fundamental source in the practice of laboratory medicine.

41
Q

Pennsylvania State Legislature (1915)

A

Passed a law requiring all hospitals and institutions to have complete
laboratory facilities with full-time technicians, which gave laboratory services a
chance to be fully recognized and widely utilized.

42
Q

World War I (1914-1918)

A

Produced a great demand for technicians
▪ Physicians with knowledge on laboratory works began to teach their assistants
to do some tests for them
▪ Faced with reductions in medical staff because of America’s entry into World
War I, hospitals started hiring and training women to become laboratory
technicians

43
Q

John Kolmer (1918)

A

Called for the development of a method that would certify medical
technologists on a national scale
▪ Published The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians that
included a description of the first formal training course in Medical Technology

44
Q

R.B.H Gradwohl (1920)

A

Proposed the establishment of schools for the proper training of laboratory
technicians and for the organization of a laboratory examining board to pass
on their qualifications for employment

45
Q

American Society for Clinical Pathology

A

Founded in 1922 with the objective of encouraging the maintenance of status
of clinical pathologists
- e code of ethics for technicians and technologists stating
that these allied health professionals should work under the supervision of a
physician and refrain from making oral or written diagnosis and advising
physicians on how patients should be treated.
-Originally formed as a
subgroup of ASCP, helped in the recognition of non-physician clinical
laboratory scientists as autonomous professionals.

46
Q

University of Minnesota

A

first to offer a degree program on medical technology in 1923

47
Q

1950’s

A

Medical technologists in the United States sought professional recognition from
the government of their educational qualifications through licensure laws

48
Q

1944

A

-onslaught of World War II, U.S. bases were set up in Leyte

49
Q

26th Medical Laboratory of the 6th Infantry of the US Army (1944)

A
  • first clinical laboratory in the Philippines; Established on Quiricada Street, Sta. Cruz, Manila
  • Manila Public Health Laboratory
  • February 1944, it provided a one-year training program to high school graduates to work as laboratory technicians
50
Q

June 1945

A

Staff of the 6th US Army left the facility after endorsing the newly established
clinical laboratory to the National Department of Health. However, the
laboratory facilities were not fully utilized and was later non-operational.

51
Q

Dr. Pio de Roda

A
  • a former staff of the 26th Medical Laboratory and a
    well-known bacteriologist
  • Preserved the remains of the laboratory with the help of Dr. Mariano Icasiano,
    who was the first City Health Officer of Manila
    -
52
Q

October 1, 1945:

A

Dr. de Roda, with the help of Dr. Prudencio Sta. Ana, formally re-established the laboratory

53
Q

1947

A

Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana offered a training program to high school and paramedical graduates who were interested in working as medical technicians,Dr. de Roda and Dr. Sta. Ana offered a training program to high school and paramedical graduates who were interested in working as medical technicians.

54
Q

Dr. de Roda, Dr. Sta. Ana, and Dr. Tirso Briones (1954)

A

six-month training course with certification. (However, the project did not last long since formal education began in the same year)

55
Q

Philippine Union College (now the Adventist University of the Philippines) and Manila Sanitarium Hospital (now the Manila Adventist Medical Center)

A

1954: Offered the first four-year Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology
program in the Philippines

56
Q

Founders credited for development of the first Medical Technology program include:

A

Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick
Dr. Reuben Magsaysay
Rev. Warren
Dr. Jesse Umali

57
Q

Dr. Willa Hilgert Hedrick

A

-“Founder of medical technology education in the Philippines”
-With the help of Mrs. Antoinette McKelvey, prepared the course
curriculum and established the first complete laboratory in microbiology, parasitology, and histopathology at the Manila
Sanitarium Hospital

58
Q

Dr. Reuben Magsaysay

A

president of the Philippine Union College

59
Q

Rev. Warren

A

President of the North Philippine Mission of Seventh Day Adventist and director of the Bureau of Education

60
Q

Dr. Jesse Umali

A

First student to graduate Medical Technology from the Philippine Union College in 1956
-pursued a career in medicine (OB-Gyne)

61
Q

University of Santo Tomas

A

1957: Started offering medical technology as an elective subject to pharmacy
students
▪ 1961: Medical technology was recognized as an official program in UST with
the first three years as a three-year academic course and the fourth year as
an internship program

62
Q

Centro Escolar University

A

1960: Began offering the Medical technology program, which was later
granted a recognition permit by the Bureau of Education

63
Q

Far Eastern University

A

1961: Started its School of Medical Technology, which was later formally
approved by the Bureau of Education

64
Q

Saint Louis University

A

1966: SLU started offering Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology
▪ 1970: The Imelda R. Marcos Clinical Laboratory (now SLU Clinical Laboratories
opened to offer training for SLU medical technology interns
▪ 1971: BSMT was recognized and approved by MECS (Ministry of Education,
Culture, and Sports)

PMLS 1 MODULE 1 (2 decks)

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