Unit 1 Flashcards
_
c
with
res
resident
_
s
without
pt.
patient
_
p
after
SBA
stand by assist
VS
vital signs
PRN or prn
As needed
C/O
complains of
BID
twice a day
TID
three times a day
QID
Four times a day
dx
diagnosis
OOB
out of bed
pc
after meals
HOB
head of bed
R/T
related to
(Triangle)
change
r/o
rule out
BRP
bathroom privileges
cc
cubic centimeters
ml
milliliters
ADL
activities of daily living
amb.
ambulate
q
every
O2
oxygen
HTN
Hypertension
assisted living
A residence for people who require some help with daily care, but who need less care than a long-term care facility offers.
chain of command
the order of authority within a facility
delegation
transferring authority to a person for a specific task
dementia
The loss of mental abilities, such as thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
hospice care
Care for people who have approximately six months or less to live; care I’d available until the person dies
liability
a legal term that a person can be held responsible for harming someone else
long-term care
24 hour care provided for people with ongoing conditions who are generally unable to manage their ADLs
professionalism
the act of behaving properly for a certain job
rehabilitation
a program of care given by a specialist or a team of specialists to restore or improve function after an illness injury
skilled care
medically-necessary care given by a skilled nurse or therapist
Nursing home
LTC - long term care
LTC
A long term care facility is the residents home. Treat their rooms and possessions with respect
Dementia is not
a normal part of aging
active neglect
Intentionally :: purposely harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by failing to provide needed care
passive neglect
Not intentional :: unintentionally harming a person physically, mentally, or emotionally by failing to provide needed care
advanced directives
legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves
assault
The act of threatening to touch a person without his or her consent
battery
Touching a person without his or her consent
civil law
Private law; law between individuals
criminal law
public law; related to committing a crime against the community
coercion
use of force
ethics
The knowledge of right and wrong; standards of conduct
HIPPA (health insurance portability and accountability act)
Privacy ; a federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy of patients health information.
mandated reporters
people who are required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect due to their regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in long- term care facilities
OBRA ( Omnibus budget reconciliation act )
Federal law that includes minimum standard of care
Ombudsman
Person assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents
DNR
Do not resuscitate = (/) code
Active listening
A way of communicating that involves giving a person your full attention while he is speaking and encouraging him to give information and clarify ideas; includes nonverbal communication
Body language
All of the conscious or unconscious messages your body sends as you communicate, such as facial expressions, shrugging your shoulders, and wringing your hands
Nonverbal communication
Communication without using words, such as making gestures and facial expressions
Objective information
Factual information collected using the senses of sight, hearing, smell, and touch; also called signs
Subjective information
Information collected from residents, their family members and friends; information may or may not be true, but is what the person reported; also called symptoms
Vital signs
Measurement- temperature, pulse, respirations,, blood pressure, pain level - that monitor the functioning of the vital organs of the body
90% of communication is
Nonverbal
Normal part of aging
Lose ability to hear high pitched frequencies
Talk
Low and slow
Last sense to go
Hearing
Hyper
Excessive / up / high
Hypo
Below / down
A (in front of a word)
Without or not
Brady
Slow
Tachy
Fast
Dys
Abnormal - labor
Body fluids
Tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up) urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus or other wound drainage, and vomit
C. Diff - C. Difficile - clostridium difficile
A bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis; spread by spires in feces that are difficult to kill
Contaminated
Solid, unclean; having disease-causing organisms or infectious material on it
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma
Microbe
A tiny living thing visible only by microscope; also called a micro-organism
MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
An infection caused by specific bacteria that has become resistant to many antibiotics
Normal flora
Microorganisms that normally live and on the body and do not cause harm in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in or at that particular area
Pathogen
Microorganisms that cause sickness / Microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease
PPE
personal protective equipment - a barrier between a person and pathogens; includes gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and a face shield
Nosocomial
Hospital acquired infection
2 kinds of microbes
Normal flora (good) Pathogens (bad)
4 types of Pathogens
- bacteria (tb)
- virus (flu)
- parasites (scabies)
- fungi (yeast)
Bugs like 3 things..
- warm
- dark
- moist
Itis
Inflammation
Inflammation consists of 4 things..
- pain
- heat
- redness
- swelling
Chain of infection..
- Causative agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
Easiest way to break the chain of infection
Wash hands
Wash you hands for..
20 seconds / 2 inches above the wrist
The 2 “bad bugs”
Staph - MRSA
Strep
4 types of isolation
Standard
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Angina pectoris
Chest pain, pressure, or discomfort
Anti-embolic stockings
Special stockings used to help prevent swelling and blood clots and aid circulation; also called elastic stockings
Artery
Vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Capillaries
extremely small blood vessels that transports blood from arteries to veins.
CHF
Congestive heart failure
CHF - congestive heart failure
A condition in which the heart muscle is damaged and fails to pump effectively
Diastole
Phase when heart muscle relaxes
Hypoxia
A condition in which the body does bit receive enough oxygen
Ischemia
A lack of blood supply to an area
Nitroglycerin
Medication that releases the walls of the coronary arteries
Occlusion
A complete obstruction of a blood vessel
PVD
Peripheral vascular disease
PVD peripheral vascular disease
A condition in which the legs, feet, arms or hands do not have enough blood circulation
Systole
Phase where the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle
Vein
Vessel that carries blood to the heart
Arteries carry
O2 rich blood
Veines carry
O2 poor blood
SA NODE
Body’s pacemaker - tells ventricles to push blood
Normal o2 saturation
97-100%
SA NODE normal bpm
60 - 90
Dysrhythmia / atrial fibrillation ..
Abnormal heartbeat :: Blood not moving = clots
Normal age-related changes for the circulatory system
- heart pumps less efficiently
- blood vessels narrow
- blood vessels become less elastic
Exacerbation
Sudden worsening of a pre-existing condition
Diuretic
Forces excess water out of your system
Cardiac problems cause..
Respiratory symptoms
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart - caused by overworking it
Side effects of NTG
- stings under tongue
- massive headache wont feel better with Tylenol, lasts for about an hr
- sudden, dramatic drop in blood pressure
MI - myocardial infarction
Heart attack
Infarction
Tissue death
Myo
Muscle
Vasodilator
Open up the vessels /make big
Anti-embolic / elastic stocking go on and off ….
On in the morning, when lying down . Off at night
Pulmonary embolism
Clot in the lung
80
Meaning of top and bottom number
Top - systole / systolic pressure
Bottom - diastole / diastolic pressure (mmhg)
Mmhg
Millimeters of mercury
Apical pulse
The pulse on the left side of the chest, just below the nipple
Apnea
The absence of breathing
BPM
The medical abbreviation for “beats per minute”
Brachial pulse
The pulse inside the elbow about 1 to 1.5 inches above the elbow
Bradycardia
A slow heart rate- under 60 BPM
Cheyne-stokes respiration
Type of respiration with periods of apnea lasting at least 10 seconds along with alternating periods of slow irregular respiration and rapid shallow respirations
Dyspnea
Difficultly breathing
Orthopnea
Shortness of breath when lying down that is relieved by sitting up
Prehypertension
A systolic pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of between 80 and 89 mm Hg. indicator that the person is likely to have high blood pressure in the future, even though he or she does bot have it now.
Radial pulse
The pulse on the inside of the wrist where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin
Respiration
The process of inhaling air into the lungs (inspiration) and exhaling air out of the lungs (expiration)
Systolic
First measurement of blood pressure; phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood out of the left ventricle
Tachycardia
A fast heartbeat - over 100 BPM
Vital signs -VS
Measurements (body temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure and pain level) that monitor the function of the vital organs of the body
Vital signs
- B/P
- Pulse
- Respirations
- Temperature
Normal pulse
60-100
Temperature taking -most accurate to least ..
ROTA
- Rectal - 99.6* (R)
- Oral - 98.6*
- Tympanic (EAR) - 97.6* (T)
- Axillary (ARMPIT) - 97.6* (A)
Insert rectal how many inches
1/2 - 1 inch
What said should the lay when doing rectal ??
Left
When counting apical BPM count ..
Full 60 seconds
Counting BPM
30 seconds X 2 = BPM
Pulse deficit
Apical (minus) radial
Respirations - normal
12-20 bpm (breaths per min)
1 breath =
1 inhale and 1 exhale
Cheyne-strokes
End of life breathing pattern
Normal B/P
Less than 120/80
High blood pressure -HTN- hypertension
140/90
Pre-hypertension
139/89
Hypotension
Low blood pressure measuring 100/60 or lower
Orthostastic hypotension
Postural
Postural(s)
O—– laying down
O
|__ sitting up
|
O standing up
|
Sphygmomanometer readings (lines)
Each line 2 mmHg
Scale reading (lines)
Each line .25 lbs
Thermometer reading (lines)
.2*
With sphygmomanometer always round to an…
Even number
