Unit 1-1 Flashcards
What dynasty did the Song Dynasty replace?
The Tang Dynasty in 960.
What was the government system of the Song Dynasty?
Bureaucracy and meritocracy.
What exam allowed poor people to join the government?
The civil service exam.
What was a weakness of the Song Dynasty’s bureaucratic system?
Officials were paid too much, weakening the economy.
What major waterway helped trade and transportation in China?
The Grand Canal (30,000 miles long).
What agricultural innovation led to population growth?
Champa rice, a fast-growing and drought-resistant crop.
How did coal contribute to economic growth?
It was used to produce cast iron and steel, which improved tools, construction, and trade.
What was proto-industrialization in the Song Dynasty?
The shift to local production of goods like steel, silk, and porcelain before full-scale industrialization.
How did printing technology affect trade?
Printing improved ship navigation, leading to more cargo and efficient trade.
What economic system required labor and money contributions to the government?
Taxes and tributes from other states.
What social class had the most power after the emperor and government officials?
The scholar-gentry, who were educated in Confucianism.
How did women’s roles reflect Confucian beliefs?
Women were respected but expected to serve men.
What practice symbolized female submission and status in the Song Dynasty?
Foot binding.
What two philosophies blended to form Neo-Confucianism?
Confucianism and Buddhism.
What is Chan (Zen) Buddhism, and why was it significant?
A mix of Buddhism and Daoism that emphasized meditation; it upset the Chinese government.
What Confucian value emphasized respect for elders and family hierarchy?
Filial piety.
How did the Song Dynasty influence Japan, Korea, and Vietnam?
Through culture, government, and economic systems like Champa rice and proto-industrialization.
How did Japan’s government differ from China’s?
Japan had feudalism and was ruled by a rich family and a weak emperor.
What aspect of government in Korea was different from China?
Korea had a powerful aristocracy and no merit-based system.
How did Vietnam resist Chinese influence?
Through guerrilla warfare and maintaining more independence for women.
