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Oceanography > Unit 01 - Ocean life, productivity & man's impact (Vocabulary & Content) > Flashcards

Unit 01 - Ocean life, productivity & man's impact (Vocabulary & Content) Flashcards

1
Q

Warm-blooded organisms

A

endotherms

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2
Q

Which phylum do octopus, squid and cuttlefish belong to?

A

mollusk

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3
Q

The shallow area over the continental shelf

A

Neritic zone

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4
Q

What is happening glaciers that is leading to rising global sea levels?

A

They are melting due to global warming

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5
Q

Over time what happens to the levels of heavy metals in the tissues of animals?

A

It stays in the tissues

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6
Q

A reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere which reacts with seawater to produce acid.

A

Ocean acidification

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7
Q

Animals that live in the sediment on the ocean floor

A

Infauna

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8
Q

What are modern harpoon guns used to hunt?

A

whales

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9
Q

What is a major problem with drift nets, longline fishing, trawling, and other commerical fishing methods?

A

by-catch

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10
Q

Which zone includes all of the open water of the ocean?

A

pelagic

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11
Q

A model of feeding relationships between organisms. Primary producers form the base; consumers eating one another form the higher levels, with the top consumer at the top.

A

trophic pyramid

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12
Q

Swimming organisms that are able to move independently of water currents.

A

nekton

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13
Q

Plants or algae that live on the ocean floor

A

Epiflora

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14
Q

Organisms that live on or in the ocean floor

A

Benthos

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15
Q

Which fin is used by fish and sharks for forward motion?

A

caudal fin

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16
Q

A plant, fungus, or animal species that is not native to a specific location (an introduced species), and which has a tendency to spread to a degree believed to cause damage to the environment, human economy or human health.

A

Invasive species

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17
Q

To fish (an area) excessively; to exhaust the supply of usable fish in certain waters.

A

Overfishing

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18
Q

The portion of a commercial fishing catch that consists of marine animals caught unintentionally.

A

Bycatch

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19
Q

Which zone includes all of the ocean floor (bottom) at any depth?

A

benthic

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20
Q

The process by which autotrophs bind light energy into the chemical bonds of food with the aid of chlorophyll and other substances. The process uses carbon dioxide and water as raw materials and yields glucose and oxygen.

A

photosynthesis

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21
Q

What can sponge larvae do that adult sponges cannot?

A

swim

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22
Q

Photoplankton and sharks can be on the same trophic pyramid. Which would have the highest population?

A

phytoplankton

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23
Q

Photoplankton and sharks can be on the same trophic pyramid. Which would have the fastest reproduction rate?

A

phytoplankton

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24
Q

Which phylum does a sea star belong to?

A

echinoderms

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25
Q

What are any substances or energy that changes the water quality or affects the physical, chemical, or biologic environment known as?

A

pollution

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26
Q

Cold-blooded organisms

A

ectotherms

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27
Q

Planktonic animals that eat phytoplankton or other heterotrophic plankton and are unable to swim independently of the current.

A

zooplankton

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28
Q

The synthesis of organic compounds from inorganic compounds using energy stored in inorganic substances within the Earth. This process does not use energy from the sun.

A

chemosynthesis

29
Q

Planktonic organisms that photosynthesize that are unable to swim independently of the current.

A

phytoplankton

30
Q

Refers to anywhere on the ocean floor.

A

benthic province

31
Q

What happens to the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water as depth increases?

A

it decreases

32
Q

The depth at which the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesizing autotrophs equals the carbohydrates the autotrophs need for respiration. Below this depth there is not enough light for photosynthesis.

A

compensation depth

33
Q

Animals that live on the surface of the ocean floor

A

Epifauna

34
Q

The thin film of lighted water at the top of the world ocean. This zone rarely extends deeper than 200 meters (660 feet).

A

photic zone

35
Q

What has happened to ocean acidity since the Industrial Revolution?

A

it is increasing

36
Q

What is another name for the tail fin of a shark or fish?

A

caudal fin

37
Q

What body part are many sharks intentionally caught for?

A

fins

38
Q

Organisms that can’t swim against the current

A

Plankton

39
Q

What do sharks use to control their buoyancy?

A

oily liver

40
Q

What is the name of the fin on underside of the fish or shark, closest to the tail fin?

A

anal fin

41
Q

The breakdown of matter.

A

decomposition

42
Q

What is a name for the fin that runs along the top of the fish or shark?

A

dorsal fin

43
Q

List four different types of cartilaginous fish.

A

sharks, rays, skates, and chimaeras

44
Q

Pollution introduced into the envirnoment would be highest in what part of the food chain, at the beginning of the food chain or further up the food chain?

A

further up the food chain

45
Q

What level of a trophic pyramid would primary producers be located?

A

first level

46
Q

What do sharks use their ampullae of Lorenzini to detect?

A

electrical signals

47
Q

What do bony fish use to control their buoyancy?

A

swim bladder

48
Q

Organisms that can swim against the current

A

Nekton

49
Q

Which marine organisms live the longest lives those living in colder water or warmer water?

A

cold water

50
Q

What is the name of the fin on the side of a fish or shark?

A

pectoral fin

51
Q

Animal plankton

A

Zooplankton

52
Q

A biochemical process that releases of stored energy from chemical bonds in food; carbon dioxide and water are formed as byproducts.

A

respiration

53
Q

Photosynthetic plankton (plants and algae)

A

Phytoplankton

54
Q

The cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments.

A

Aquaculture

55
Q

Describe how quickly the phytoplankton in a food web would die if they stayed below the compensation depth for too long?

A

They will slowly starve to death

56
Q

Which class do octopus, squid and cuttlefish belong to?

A

cephalopod

57
Q

The dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate.

A

aphotic zone

58
Q

What type of arthropod do whales, like baleen whales, in polar regions feed on?

A

krill

59
Q

An organism that gets nourishment from other organisms because it is unable to make its own food molecules.

A

heterotroph

60
Q

What percentage of energy is available to each level of this diagram from the level below it?

A

10%

61
Q

An organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

A

autotroph

62
Q

What level of a trophic pyramid would primary consumers be located?

A

second level

63
Q

What do fish and sharks use the lateral line for?

A

detect vibrations

64
Q

What happens to gas-filled body cavities as hydrostatic pressure increases with increasing depth?

A

they compress

65
Q

In general, which marine organisms reproduce the fastest those living in colder water or warmer water?

A

warm water

66
Q

The amount of carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Expressed in grams of carbon bound into carbohydrates per unit area per unit time (g C/m2/yr).

A

primary productivity

67
Q

What is the name of the fin on underside of the fish or shark, closest to the head?

A

pelvic fin

68
Q

Look at the following list of gases: carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen, water vapor. Which gas does not belong in this list?

A

oxygen

69
Q

What type of organisms are missing from this food web and many other food webs?

A

decomposers

Oceanography (1 decks)

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