Unit 0 & Unit 1 Flashcards
One of the seven big ideas - the use of the imagination or original ideas
Creativity
One of the seven big idea - technique in computing that hides detail, makes more complicated ideas simpler, and collects a bunch of ideas into a single idea
Abstraction
One of the seven big ideas - emphasizes how computers are used to analyze data and create new knowledge
Data and Information
One of the seven big ideas - the process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer
Algorithms
One of the seven big ideas - a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
The Internet
One of the seven big ideas - focuses on how computing and technology has impacted our world positively and negatively
Global Impact
The study of the ideas, ways of thinking, languages, software, and hardware needed to solve problems with computers
Computer Science
A theoretical period beyond the information age where creativity and imagination will become the primary creators of economic value
Imagination Age
A shift in human history from traditional industry to an economy based on information computerization using analysis and thinking - AKA: Digital Age
Information Age
A systematic plan or sequence of instructions for a computer to solve a problem
Program
The action or process of writing computer programs
Programming
Random Access Memory consists of tiny electrical circuits that dynamically store frequently used program instruction to increase speed of the system
RAM
The process of source code being translated into machine code
Compilation
A program that translates high level, human-readable languages into a corresponding string of 1s and 0s for computer processing
Compiler
Short for binary digit - a single binary value, either o or 1
Bit
The processor or brains of the computer where calculations take place
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Programs written in high-level languages
Source Code
Programs written in machine-level instruction that are uniquely read by computer processors using patterns of 1s and 0s
Machine Code
Physical components of a computer built using multiple levels of abstraction, such as transistors, logic gate chips, memory, motherboard, special purpose cards, and storage devices
Hardware
Main storage or memory that stores data for quick access by the computer’s processor (RAM)
Primary Storage
External/Auxiliary memory such as a USB flash drive, hard drive, etc.
Secondary Storage
Machine code that is a direct, low-level translation from the high-level source code, and is pattern of 0s and 1s
Binary
One of the two performance tasks on the AP CSP exam, where you’ll create a program of your own
Create Performance Task
Understanding the logic and processes computers use to solve problems and run programs
Computational Thinking
The process of imagining something that does not yet exist, but that has a potential value, and making it real through the application of design, implementation, and production
Innovating
Repeatedly applying a process with the goal of coming closer and closer to a solution
Iteration
The process by which computer programs are designed, developed and tested in repeated cycles.
Iterative Development Process
To identify and remove errors from a computer program
Debug
A process or set of instructions to be followed in calculations or other problems solving operations
Algorithm
Executes statements one at a time - in order, one after another
Sequencing
Uses “if…then” to tell the sequence that it should be executed
Selection
A command statement with a verb phrase that indicates an operation to perform (example: move forward)
Imperative Statement
A specific adverb or adjective that further qualifies or limits the meaning of a word (example: left shoe)
Descriptive Qualifier
A complex, but structured language, both written and spoken, that has evolved naturally in humans through use, repetition, and adaptation
Natural Language
A limited size language, usually developed by a small group for specific purposes. Usually much simpler and structured
Artificial Language
Uncertainty or being open to more than one interpretation
Ambiguity
A programming language that lets users drag and drop icons into organized blocks of code to create programs rather than typing text
Visual Programming Language
A programming language that is easier for humans to read, write, and parse. Guaranteed to be ambiguous.
High-Level Language
A programming language that has little to no abstraction and communicates closely to the hardware using machine language. Less natural for humans.
Low-Level Language
The process of source code being translated into machine code
Compilation
An object in Scratch that performs functions through scripting
Sprite
The background of a project in Scratch which can have scripts, backdrops, sound, etc.
Stage
the appearance of a sprite
Costume
Medium-blue colored blocks used to control a sprite’s movement in Scratch
Motion Blocks
A block in Scratch with round edges that contains a value (numbers, sentences, etc.) and can be used inside other blocks
Reporter Blocks
Purple-colored blocks of code in Scratch that are used to control a sprite’s appearance
Look Blocks
Light-blue colored Boolean blocks that are used to detect different factors of a project such as touching
Sensing Blocks
Light-green colored blocks of code used to handle strings of math equations in Scratch
Operator Blocks
Blocks of code that trigger corresponding behavior (example: Green Flag - starts program)
Events
When blocks of code are executed at a given time by communicating (or broadcasting) a message.
Broadcast
User interaction with a program via clicking, mouse movement, or keyboard entry.
Input
When the computer “stores” or needs to remember to execute a program
Storage
A description of what the computer is doing or the values of variables at any given moment
State
A descriptor used to describe the state, such as the x- or y- position
Attributes
The program code and current activity that is being executed in a computer program.
Process
The x and y coordinates on the stage in Scratch
Position
A variable for a particular value or attribute
Placeholder
A placeholder to store a particular value or attribute such as x and y in an algebraic equation or calculation
Variable
A whole number; a number that is not a fraction that is used in programs
Integer
A single letter, digit, or symbol that can be a type of variable
Character
A series of characters at any length. Can be a type of variable
String
A variable to represent true or false
Boolean Values
Lists of other variables
Array
A number that may have digits after the decimal place. Can be a type of variable
Floating Point Number
Creating variables in a programing language
Declaring Variables
