Unit 0: Human Development to 600 BCE

Question 1

Egalitarian

Answer 1

the belief that all people are created equal and are deserving of equal rights and opportunities

Question 2

Patriarchy

Answer 2

social system in which dominance and privilege are primarily held by men

Question 3

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 3

Replaced Paleolithic strategies with cultivation, breeding, and taming of animals. emerged permanently settled farming villages

Question 4

Mesopotamia

Answer 4

present-day iraq, early civilization, oldest human civilization

Question 5

Indus River

Answer 5

provided water for the cultivation and trading of goods internationally

Question 6

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Answer 6

well-planned ancient cities, evidence of organized government, collapsed/declined due to climate change; controversy over the role of invasion

Question 7

Huang He

Answer 7

AKA Yellow River, had to be controlled with water projects, which led to centralized government, “the river of sorrows”, occasionally would overflow, destroying crops and causing famine

Question 8

Hinduism

Answer 8

brahman, Polytheistic, monotheistic, or
henotheistic, no historical founder, oldest largest, and most prominent in India, not missionary seeking

Question 9

Brahman

Answer 9

the idea of a spiritual force that all the universe is a part of

Question 10

Henotheistic

Answer 10

worshipping one god but believing there are other divine figures

Question 11

Zoroastrianism

Answer 11

monotheistic religion, the neverending battle between good and evil, believed to have inspired Judaism, Islam, and Christianity

Question 12

Judaism

Answer 12

Hebrews/Jews, monotheistic, 10 commandments, god is divine pure, and available, promised land, Abraham

Question 13

Silk Roads

Answer 13

Commercial network connected Asia with the Mediterranean and European world.

Question 15

city-state

Answer 15

serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural aspects over surrounding territories (capital)

Question 16

egypt

Answer 16

ancient civilization

Question 17

indus river

Answer 17

provided water for cultivating and trading goods

Question 18

mohenjo-daro/harappa

Answer 18

well planned ancient cities, evidence of organized government, declined because of climate change, controversy over the role of invasion

Question 19

huang he

Answer 19

aka yellow river, would overflow and drown crops/ cause famines, resulted in centralized government

Question 20

hinduism

Answer 20

brahman, henotheistic, largest/oldest/most prominent religion in india

Question 21

Zoroastrianism

Answer 21

monotheistic religion

Question 22

judaism

Answer 22

monotheistic, 10 commandments, Hebrews/Jews, god is divine, pure, and available, Abraham, promised lang

Question 23

silk roads

Answer 23

commercial network connected Asia with the Mediterranean and European world

Question 24

buddhism

Answer 24

Siddhartha Gautama (historical founder), buddha/nirvana, rejected Brahmins, no supernatural beings (god)

Question 25

henotheistic

Answer 25

worships one god but believes in others

Question 26

brahman

Answer 26

member of the highest hindu caste (priesthood)

Question 27

mauryan empire

Answer 27

included the Deccan, the Ganges Valley, &
Northern India. well-organized bureaucracy & general peace & prosperity.

Question 28

bureaucrats

Answer 28

government official/person with power in an organization/government, prioritize peoples needs and procedural corectness

Question 29

gupta empire

Answer 29

golden age (period of great cultural achievement), gupta mathematics and doctors

Question 30

reasons the gupta empire declined

Answer 30

weak rulers, civil war, foreign invaders–Huns came from central Asia & overran the Gupta Empire.

Question 31

analects

Answer 31

a short book of Confucius findings compiled by his followers

Question 32

confucianism

Answer 32

ancient Chinese belief system prioritizing personal ethics and morality, became central element of education system, fortification of the mandate of heaven, non religious

Question 33

daoism

Answer 33

chinese pholosophy advocating humility and religious piety and being in harmony with the natural order of the universe

Question 34

qin dynasty

Answer 34

the third dynasty to rule china, ruler Shi Huangdi
overthrew the Zhou dynasty
& all the feudal lords to
unite China, Shi Huangdi used the ideas
of Legalism to enforce his
rule over China.

Question 35

mandate of heaven

Answer 35

when a group of rulers became
weak or corrupt, the gods
would withdraw their support, &
a new dynasty would come to
power, The Mandate of Heaven was
the divine right to rule. Usually
a natural disaster such as
flooding or famine indicated
that the Mandate had been
withdrawn from a dynasty.

Question 36

han dynasty

Answer 36

Gao Zu defeated rival armies & formed a new dynasty, justifying his victory with the Mandate of
Heaven. Gao Zu instated less harsh Confucian
policies, helping restore order to the empire.

Question 37

civil service exam

Answer 37

test China used to find the best members to form the bureaucracy

Question 38

Persian empire

Answer 38

ancient civilization that influenced islam

Question 39

sparta

Answer 39

women competed in sports with men, could divorce with ease, and owned substantial landed estates.

Question 40

Athens

Answer 40

greek city-state, where democracy was invented

Question 41

democracy

Answer 41

system of government where citizens can elect representatives

Question 42

Theravada

Answer 42

believed only monks could achieve nirvana

Question 43

buddha

Answer 43

someone who has achieved enlightenment

Question 44

320-550 CE

Answer 44

golden age of the Guptas