Unit 0 Flashcards
What is Geography
Geography is the study of places and their interactions with the environment
What are the four key questions Geographers ask
1 What is where?
2 Why there?
3 Why care?
4 What to do?
Spatial Significance
Places are significant in different ways to different groups of people animals and plant life
Patterns and Trend
A pattern is a repeating event characteristic effect of the natural and human world
A trend describes how a pattern occurs over time
Trends are…
often described as data
Interrelationships
Can be positive or negative
E= environment H=human arrow= impact
Geographic Perspective
The lens through which you view an issue, social, environmental, economic, political
Definition of a Map
A 2D drawing of the earths feature
Large scale vs. Small scale map
Maps zoomed in to show substantial amounts of detail:
1cm on the map = 1km on the ground
General Purpose Map
Can be both large and small scale map
Thematic Map
Usually focuses on one theme or topic
A map that reveals the geographic patterns of statistical data
Features on a Map
Todals
tittle’
orientation
date
author
legend
scale
Winkle Triple Map
Pro: a good balance between size and shape and land areas
Con: neither conformal nor equal area
Mercator Map
Pro: good for navigation
Con: conveys a distorted perception of the overall geometry of the planet
GIS
Global Information System
GIS
application include hardware and software technologies that use any data set connected to a location
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPS
Satellite based navigation system consists of 24 well placed satellites that orbit earth
Remote Sensing
Images of earth taken from far away by drones, satellites, aircrafts
Closed Question
Yes or no
simple list
one word
one idea
Open Questions
Lead to other questions
Causes
Consequences
Changes
Lead to further info/investigation
Why is it important to protect Canadas Physical Diversity
for keeping ecological balance and supporting biodiversity, especially in the face of climate change
Physical processes that shape the earth
weathering erosion and deposition
Alfred Wegner’s Continental Drift
Coastal fit
Fossil fit
Geologic fit
Evidence of past glaciers
Evidence of past climate
Define Pangea
A huge landmass that existed a long time ago. Combining almost all of the earths continents
Define Striation
the movement of glaciers that scratched the underlaying rock
Total stock
All parts of natural environment
Natural Resources
things found in the natural environment, that humans have made use for
Renewable resources
resources that are limited and cannot be replaced within a human lifetime
Flow resources
Resources to be used when and where they occur
Other resources
resources that do not fit into other categories
GDP
Gross domestic product
Most Canadians work in…
Tertiary industry
where are fossil fuels made formed
trapped during formation of sedimentary rock overlong periods of time
Why invest in fossil fuels
Because of job opportunities and fossil fuels contribute 110 million $ to GDP
Linear or circular economy
We want a circular economy
Challenges of Growing Cities
Urbanization brings challenges:
Social: Overcrowding, inequality, social unrest.
Economic: Strains resources and infrastructure.
Environmental: Pollution, habitat loss.
Characteristics of a Population
Demographers study:
Size
Age structure
Sex ratio
Fertility
Mortality
Migration
CMA Definition
Census Metropolitan Area (CMA): A Canadian statistical unit representing a large urban core with a population of at least 100,000.
Demographic Age Groupings
0-14 (young)
15-64 (working-age)
65+ (elderly)
Dependency Load
The proportion of a population economically dependent on others (under 15 and over 65).
Population Pyramid Shapes
Expanding: Wide base, high birth rates, young population.
Stationary: Stable birth and death rates, column shape.
Contracting: Narrow base, declining birth rates, aging population.
Natural Increase Rate
Birth rate minus death rate. Shows natural population growth or shrinkage without migration.
Net Migration Rate
Immigrants minus emigrants. Shows migration’s effect on population size.
Population Growth Rate
Combines natural increase and net migration to show overall population change.
Definition of Immigrant and Emigrant
Immigrant: Comes to live permanently in a foreign country.
Emigrant: Leaves their country to settle in another.
