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AP World History > Unit 0 > Flashcards

Unit 0 Flashcards

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1
Q

what age…

when and where did confucianism and daoism originate?

A

The Age of Warring States (500-211 BCE)/far eastern end of Eurasian continent

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2
Q

it’s in the name…

who founded confucianism?

A

confucius

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3
Q

who founded daoism?

A

laozi

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4
Q

what is the key text in confucianism?

A

the analects

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5
Q

what is the key text in daoism?

A

tao te ching/dao de jing

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6
Q

relationships…

what are the basic beliefs of confucianism?

A

based on moral behavior, unequal relationships - using education to nurture these ideals. this became seamlessly intertwined within the chinese elite society/politics.

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7
Q

the fifth is equal…

what are the four unequal relationships?

A

father and son; husband and wife; older brother and younger brother; ruler and subject

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8
Q

where did confucianism spread by the end of 1200 CE?

A

mostly in east asia; china, korea, japan, and vietnam

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9
Q

what is neoconfucianism?

A

the revival of confucian philosphy and the poltical aspects and changes that came with it

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10
Q

what is the civil service exam and its relation to confucianism?

A

way to ensure that poltical candidates reached that moral philosophical standards of confucianism

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11
Q

when and where did hinduism originate?

A

between 2300 B.C. and 1500 B.C. in the Indus River Valley in the Indian sub-continent

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12
Q

what deities did hinduism follow?

A

they were very polytheistic and had gods and goddess that took up many different forms. however, brahmin became a very looked up to figure in the later ages.

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13
Q

who founded hinduism?

A

no one person found hinduism

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14
Q

what were the key texts of hinduism?

A

upanishads held the beliefs of Brahman

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15
Q

who is Brahman and its followers?

A

brahman is the world soul. it is the divine reality that is above all gods as it ties everything in the world together. its followers are a preistly caste called the brahmins.

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16
Q

what are the basic beliefs of hinduism?

A

The fundamental ground to Hinduism is the idea that a human being is meant to unify themselves with Brahman. They also believe in reincarnation into a higher social position or caste, dedicating their lives to ensure that they reach this position.

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17
Q

where did hinduism spread to by the end of 1200 CE?

A

throughout the majority of south and southeast asia

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18
Q

how did buddhism spread?

A

through trade routes of central asia to china, japan, and southeast asia

19
Q

what was the role of the caste system in south asian society?

A

The caste system was seen as a spiritual aspect to Hinduism. You can climb the ranks in rebirth if you continue to commit to good deeds in your life.

20
Q

when and where did buddhism originate?

A

in the north-eastern region of india around fifth century BCE

21
Q

who is siddhartha gautama?

A

the founder of buddhism. he was a prince who began the journey of enlightenment and went on to teach his findings.

22
Q

what key texts does buddhism endorse?

A

the eightfold path, the tibetan book of the dead

23
Q

what are the basic beliefs of buddhism?

A

Living a life that is free from egotistic views is one to work for. Experiencing hardships and flaws is simply the foundation to life and to strive for a moral and modest lifestyle. When following the eightfold path, one is working towards spiritual enlightenment and be free of all worldly unnecessary suffering.

24
Q

where did buddhism expand to by the end of 1200 CE

A

Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia

25
Q

what is the role of buddhist monastsic communities/monks?

A

to practice, preserve, and teach buddha’s preachings

26
Q

mahayana buddhism vs. theravada buddhism

A

mahayana buddhism is practicing buddhism outside of a monastery while theravada buddhism is taught and practiced in a monastery, away from society

27
Q

where did judaism originiate?

A

in the middle east/israel/mount sinai

28
Q

what deity did judaism include?

A

god, yahweh

29
Q

what is the key text in judaism?

A

the torah

30
Q

what are the core beliefs of judaism?

A

the hebrews view their god as one who advocates for social justice.

31
Q
A
31
Q

where did judaism spread to by the end of 1200 CE

A

Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia

32
Q

where and when was christianity founded?

A

judea in 63 BCE

33
Q

who was the founder of christianity?

A

jesus of nazareth

34
Q

what is the core belief of christianity?

A

to extend love to all, disregarding any sort of social standing or prejudice

35
Q

when and where was islam founded?

A

seventh century CE in mecca

36
Q

what is the deity of islam?

A

allah

37
Q

who was the founder of islam and how did become the founder?

A

muhammad, a trader that was troubled with the religious corruption in mecca. through meditation, he came to believe that he was allah’s messenger to the arabs.

38
Q

what is the key text of islam?

A

the quran

39
Q

what are the five pillars of islam?

A

profession of faith, prayer, charity, pilgrimage, and fasting.

40
Q

what community was created…

why was islam politically revolutionary?

A

it promoted umma, a community where the followers are bound by equality and common beliefs.

41
Q

compare to jesus…

how did islam prevail in mecca?

A

he went against those who tried to push him out by gathering an army. by 630 CE, he had largely unified arabia under the belief of islam.

42
Q

where did islam spread to by the end of 1200 CE?

A

through arabian peninsula and saudi arabia

43
Q

how did the branches sunni and shia of islam derive?

A

from civil disputes on who should succeed muhammad after his death in 632 CE

AP World History (2 decks)

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