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A&P For CD > Unit 0 > Flashcards

Unit 0 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Subsystems of Speech

A

Velopharyngeal-nasal
Pharyngeal-oral
Laryngeal
Respiratory

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2
Q

Velopharyngeal-nasal

A

Nasal passages
Upper pharynx
Velum

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3
Q

Pharyngeal-oral

A

Oral cavity
Middle pharynx
Lower pharynx

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4
Q

Laryngeal

A

Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Laryngeal cartilages

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5
Q

Respiratory

A 
Pulmonary airway
Lungs
Rib cage
Diaphragm
Abdominal wall
Abdominal contents
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6
Q

3 Subsystems of Speech

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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7
Q

Outer ear

A

Pinna

External auditory meatus

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8
Q

Middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

Ossicles

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9
Q

Inner ear

A

Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Auditory nerve
Auditory cortex

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10
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body

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11
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back of the body

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12
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Toward the body

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17
Q

Distal

A

Away from the body

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18
Q

External

A

Toward the outside of the body

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19
Q

Internal

A

Away from the outside of the body

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20
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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21
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of the body

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22
Q

Sagittal

A

Dives the body into right and left parts

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23
Q

Midsagittal

A

Dives the body into equal right and left parts

24
Q

Parasagittal

A

Divides the body into unequal right and left parts

25
Q

Coronal

A

Divides the body into front and back parts

26
Q

Transverse/Horizontal

A

Divides the body into upper and lower parts

27
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Layers of cells that cover the surfaces of the body

28
Q

Connective tissue

A

Layers of cells that connect structures of the body

29
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Tendons
Aponeuroses
Ligaments

30
Q

Tendons

A

Thick collagen fibers that attach muscle to bone

31
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Wide, flat collage fibers that attach muscle to bone

32
Q

Ligaments

A

Thick collagen fibers that attach either bone to cartilage or bone to bone

33
Q

Supportive connective tissue

A

Cartilage

Bone

34
Q

Cartilage

A

Layers of cells that are firm but flexible

35
Q

Bone

A

Layers of cells that are hard and NOT flexible

36
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Layers of cells that move or hold the structures of the body

37
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary controlled muscle fibers that move or support the skeleton

38
Q

Fascicles

A

Groups of parallel muscle fibers help together with connective tissue

39
Q

2 anatomical structures of a motor unit

A

Peripheral nerve

Fascicles

40
Q

Process of muscle activation

A
  1. The brain sends a signal to the peripheral nerve
  2. The peripheral nerve sends a signal to muscle
  3. Muscle fibers are activated resulting in muscle contraction
41
Q

3 types of muscle contractions

A

Concentric
Isometric
Eccentric

42
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle fiber activation resulting in the shortening of muscles

43
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle fiber activation resulting in static muscle length

44
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle fiber activation resulting in the lengthening of muscles

45
Q

Compression

A

Air molecules increase in density

46
Q

Rarefaction

A

Air molecules decrease in density

47
Q

8 stages of spoken communication

A 
Neural
Muscular
Structural 
Aeromechanical
Acoustic
Auditory mechanical 
Sensory
Neuroperceptual
48
Q

Neural

A

The process and planning of speech, thoughts, etc.

49
Q

Muscular

A

Muscle activation

50
Q

Structural

A

Visible muscle movements of speech structures

51
Q

Aeromechanical

A

Change in air pressure (in and out), provides the power for the next stage

52
Q

Acoustic

A

Pressure waves start to form and move

53
Q

Auditory mechanical

A

Spoken pressure waves travel into the ear of the listener and transition into the middle ear

54
Q

Sensory

A

Pressure waves transition into hydraulic waves, bending the hair cells in the inner ear and creating electrical signals. The inner ear then transmits the electrical signals to the brain

55
Q

Neuroperceptual

A

Brain receives the electrical signals and assigns meaning to them (decodes them)

A&P For CD (1 decks)

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