Union

Question 1

Worsening relations

Answer 1

Nine years war against France, heavy taxes to fund and french ships blockading Scot ports
Glencoe massacre 1692, 38 dead.
1693-99 famine, 20% abdn dead, “king Williams ill years”
jealousy of England’s Empire
William’s hand in the Darien failure
English government’s orders to English colonists in Jamaica to ignore Scottish pleas for help in Darien
Fear of Anglican Church imposition
English government’s attempts to control the Highlands using the army
Worcester Affair 1704 - 80,000 crowd at hanging !
Scotland’s Act of Security in response to England’s Act of Settlement
Act Anent Peace and War 1703
Scotland’s Wool Act 1704
Scotland’s Wine Act 1703
England’s Aliens Act 1705 Scots in English lose privilege, ban trade with Scotland, for example cattle.

Question 2

Arguments FOR union

Answer 2

Cancel the navigation acts
Access to eng colonies
Fear of alien act implications
No more tariffs on selling coal cattle salt in eng
Secure Protestantism and Hanoverian succession
Farmers close to bankruptcy
Reduce poverty so reduce unrest
John Churchill beaten France and conquered Ireland, could invade Scotland easily, forces march north in late 1706)
Scotland could have security guaranteed by a British army !

Question 3

Arguments AGAINST union

Answer 3

Higher taxes in England, engs massive debt
Scotlandshire and loss of sovreignty
Superior English technology in linen and paper
Covenanters didn’t want Union with Episcopalians
End to Scottish identity with end to a legitimate royal line!
Scot outweighed in brit parli with only 45 MPs
Surrender to Eng nobility with only 16 lords

Question 4

Events of passing union

Answer 4

Act of Security for the Kirk shushes Presbyterian opposition
Anti-Jacobites glad to see end to Stuart dynasty
The equivalent £398,085 enticed Scots, Squadrone Volante want say in allocation
£20,000 of ‘arears’ secretly distributed by Queensberry
Opposition to union divided, Hamilton’s poor leadership
Scot nobles immune from arrest
Scots law and education retained
Access to eng colonies
Godolfin makes last minute trade concessions eg salt liquor wool cattle
Fear of invasion
Nov 1706 Queensberry allowed to amend articles
English spy Daniel Defoe passed info to Goldofin who amended treaty accordingly

Question 5

Effects of Union to 1740

Positive

Answer 5

Merchant shipping and Caribbean trade improved.
The black cattle trade flourished and there were improvements in agriculture.
There was a development of towns on the routes between the Highlands and England.
Improved industrial practice was observed across Scottish manufacturing.
Lowland tobacco lords get very rich

Question 6

Effects to Union, negative.

Answer 6

Failed 1708 Jacobite rebellion french fleet chased away by bad weather and English ships
1715-17 62% of imports to Scotland smuggled
Shawfield riot of 1725 against local MP who voted for malt tax
Scottish linen and paper struggle due to superior eng tech
1714 soap tax that eng linen can claim but Scot can’t
1713 bill in lords to dissolve Brit parliament
Riots in Dumfries and Galloway after 1711 salt tax
Lots of roads built and 6 gov regiments to control highlands
Presbyterians annoyed at 1714 Yule act and 1712 toleration act