Unification Flashcards
What was the reaction of Austria regarding the unification of Italy?
They thought they could always reinvade, so almost unfazed.
The reaction of Britain?
welcomed unification. it took power from france. the government warned that if ‘any other power’ attempted to prevent unity, britain would interfere with their military.
Why was the catholic church anti-unification?
they didn’t want their mass influence and reputation tainted. It worried that a new state would dominate.
What did prussia think of italian unification
Their support for unification was opportunistic, rooted in its rivalry with Austria, not really bothered about italian patriotism
What was Napoleons view on the lingering talk of unification?
Previously he wanted to overthrow kingdoms and make his son king of United Italy. he promised to be an ally, if italians left Rome alone. QUESTIONABLE MOTIVATION
What was King Emmanuel’s View (Piedmontese King)?
Wanted unification (excluding the south) craved status for italy as a european power. Made piedmont join the Crimean war to gain credibility. Became a figurehead for unification in 1869
What was the reaction of the lombardy and Tuscany region regarding Unification?
No common language, not very uniting. Lombardy had its own educational system and legal system. they felt overthrown.
Count Cavour’s opinion
Cavour was Piedmontese PM. clever politician with the plan. wanted to exclude the south. Carried out modernisation programmes in Piedmont (trade, industry and communication) To strengthen Piedmont so they were taken seriously.
Count Cavour’s opinion
Cavour was Piedmontese PM. clever politician with the plan. wanted to exclude the south. Carried out modernisation programmes in Piedmont (trade, industry and communication) To strengthen Piedmont so they were taken seriously.
Garibaldi’s involvement.
Radical who distrusted diplomacy. believed italy could only be united by revolution. He used to be a solider, so he had a large army willing to follow him. He knew people in the Papal states wanted to overthrow their rulers. He saw this as an opportunity
Garibaldi lands in Sicily and takes Palermo, Cavour tried to organise pro-piedmont and rallies in sicily before Garabaldi arrives
May 1860
Garabaldi and King Emmanuel meet and symbolically shake hands.
October 1860
Napoleon publishes leaflet ‘pope and congress’, which says people shouldn’t be in charge of Italian states, French removing support.
1859
Cavour organised middle referendum, and the results were rigged, claiming everybody was in favour of unification
1860
October 1867, Garabaldi…
launches an attack on rome, just under a year after Napolean withdrew his french troops (which were protecting vatican)
November 1867, French Troops…
Return to Rome and massacre garabaldis men.
War breaks out between Prussia and France,
Jul 1870
French troops are forced to leave rome to fight Prussia in
aug 1870
France lose heavily ro Prussia (battle of sedan)
september 1870
Franco-Prussian war ends. Emmanuel offers pipe freedom if he becomes part of United Italy. Pope refuses.
sept 1870
20th september 1870
6,000 italian troops enter an unguarded Rome
Rome citizens vote to have full union with Rome
October 1870
Mistakes by Piedmontese powers:
believed Italy was just ‘Piedmont’ expanded.
Piedmont constitution introduced, not ITALY’S
king emmanuel takes title ‘the second’ instead of ‘ the first’
parliament voting was only 2% of people
Cavour sends military to south to crush any problems.
New taxes introduced to crush debts
(all start civil war in south, north send army, all very violent and brutal)
