Unicorns and glitter bunnies (miscellaneous) Flashcards
What is the age definition for precocious puberty?
girls: before 8
boys: before 9
mean, girls: 10.5
mean, boys: 11.5
What is the most common cause of secondary amenorrhea in females of childbearing age?
pregnancy
What other hormone should be tested when testing testosterone for low libido/ED?
prolactin
What is the most common cause of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients?
SIADH
What are the female and male congenital syndromes that cause hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?
F: Turner syndrome
M: Klinefelter syndrome
What do we call congenital resistance to PTH?
pseudohypoparathyroidism
Your patient has facial muscle contractions when tapping the facial nerve near the ear.
What sign is this and what is the endocrine disorder you may see it in?
Chvostek sign
hypoparathyroidism → hypocalcemia
After placing and inflating the BP cuff on your patient, their wrist and MCP joints flex.
What sign is this and what disorder do you suspect?
Trousseau phenomenon
hypoparathyroidism (→ hypocalcemia)
Your patient has Chvostek sign, Trousseau phenomenon, and short fourth metacarpals. What do you suspect?
pseudohypoparathyroidism
You told your patient they have Metabolic Syndrome, because they have 3 of what 5 criteria?
- central obesity (waist circumference > 88 cm F, > 102 cm M)
- Triglycerides > 150
- HDL < 50 (F) / < 40 (M)
- HTN
- Fasting plasma glucose >= 100 or previously diagnosed DM2
What is the trio of symptoms that is usually associated with DM1?
- polyuria
- polydipsia/polyphagia
- weight loss
What is the specific problem in MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young)?
Hyperglycemia due to impaired secretion of insulin when glucose is around
What’s the recommended macronutrient profile for DM2 diets?
45-65% carbs
25-35% fats
10-35% protein
What is the leading cause of death among patients with DM2?
cardiovascular disease
What are the Whipple criteria for hypoglycemia?
- hx of hypoglycemia symptoms
- associated fasting blood glucose < 45
- immediate recovery upon administration of glucose
Give me 4 symptoms, 4 PE findings, and 4 lab values for diabetic ketoacidosis.
~polyuria/polydipsia, fatigue, N/V, Kussmaul respirations
~dehydration, fruity breath, hypotension + tachy, hypothermia
~BG > 250, acidosis, bicarb < 15, ketones in serum
What will you note on GA in a patient with lactic acidosis?
hyperventilation
How will you distinguish osteoporosis from osteomalacia VIA LAB VALUES?
osteoporosis:
serum PTH, calcium, phosphorous, alk phos usually normal
osteomalacia:
serum calcium, albumin, phosphate, PTH - low
alk phos - elevated
Your patient is a 42 yo M with bone pain, kyphosis, bowed tibias, and hearing problems. You obtain radiographs and find dense, expanded bones.
What do you suspect?
What is your treatment?
Paget disease of bone
bisphosphanates
Your patient is a 9 month old baby whose parents are suspected of child abuse due to the baby’s frequent fractures. Upon physical exam you note blue sclerae and hearing impairment.
What do you suspect?
osteogenesis imperfecta
What is your next step in evaluating a non-pregnant woman, age 35, with secondary amenorrhea, with no laboratory abnormalities?
10-day course of progestin
Absence of withdrawal menses usually indicates a lack of estrogen or a uterine abnormality.
What is the therapy/treatment for Turner syndrome?
Daily injections of GH + androgen for four years before epiphyseal growth plates close
Estrogen after 12 years old to initiate puberty
HRT therapy once growth stops (estrogen/progestin)
MEN 1, MEN 2A, MEN 2B:
facial angiofibromas?
hyperparathyroidism?
mucosal neuromas?
medullary thyroid cancer?
pheochromocytoma?
pituitary adenoma?
facial angiofibromas - MEN 1
hyperparathyroidism - MEN 2A
mucosal neuromas - MEN 2B
medullary thyroid cancer - 2A, 2B
pheochromocytoma - 2A, 2B
pituitary adenoma - MEN 1
What is the standard initial screening test for thyroid function?
T4 (total serum thyroxine)
