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Grade 8 Science > Unicellular organism > Flashcards

Unicellular organism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a unicellular organism

A

A living thing/organism with only a single cell

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2
Q

How are unicellular organisms beneficial to humans

A

They play an important role in recycling nutrients by break down dead plants and animal material and release usable nutrients and carbon dioxide back into the enviourment

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3
Q

How do unicellular organisms move

A

They use Cilia, flagellum, or pseudopods

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4
Q

Where do Amoeba lives

A

Salt and fresh water, damp and wet areas, in any organism including humans

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5
Q

What do they eat

A

Dead plants, animal matter, algae, bacteria, other protozoans

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6
Q

How do they exchange gases and handle water conditions

A

They exchange gases through their cell membrane. They handle water conditions by an organelle called the contractile vacuole that constantly expels the water out of the cell.

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7
Q

How do they eats

A

They force their cytoplasm into points called pseudopods and the food moves into the pseudopods and turns into a vesicle and then the food is digested

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8
Q

what is the term Phagocytosis

A

The cells eating with their cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is the term Pinocytosis

A

The cell drinking using its cytoplasm

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10
Q

How do diffusion and osmosis limit the size of cells?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from low concentration to high concentration

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11
Q

What is the difference between broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics

A 
Narrow= the doctor knows exactly what type of bacteria you have so they give you antibiotic just for that kind of bacteria
Broad= the doctors are unsure exactly what type of bacteria it is so they give you an antibiotic that kills different kinds of bacteria
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12
Q

How are they both useful in treating a bacterial diseases

A

They will both eventually get rid of the bacteria they are just two different ways to get rid of it

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13
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of both types of antibiotics

A

NARROW
Advantages: specific, smaller variety, less urgent
Disadvantages: you have to be 100% sure what type of bacteria you have, takes longer to kill the bacteria
BROAD
Advantages: non-specific, works faster, more urgent, eat with food
Disadvantages: Kills all bacteria even good ones

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14
Q

Why should you take antibiotics with food

A

It reduces stomach irritation

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15
Q

Why do you have to finish all of the antibiotics you were given and not just stop when you feel better

A

Some bad bacteria is still there so it will reproduce and relapse on your bacterial infection

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16
Q

Why can’t antibiotics treat viruses

A

viruses do not have a cell wall instead they have a special protein coat so the antibiotics don’t affect it the same it does to bacteria

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17
Q

Is a virus living or no-living

A

Non living because they cannot grow, reproduce on their own, don’t need food, can’t move on their own, doesn’t exchange gases

18
Q

What is the term lytic cycle

A

Quick kill, attaches or goes into a cell and makes lots of copy’s of itself until eventually the cell breaks and the copy’s go into other cells and make more copy’s and that continues

19
Q

What is the term lysogenic cycle

A

Not quick kill, injects its DNA into a cell so when the cell reproduces the new cell had some of the virus DNA and each cell that reproduces after that also has the virus DNA in it

20
Q

How can we use viruses for good

A

Some can help kill cancer cells, help to treat some genetic diseases, or to serve as vaccine or vaccine delivery agents

21
Q

What is gene therapy

A

A mutation happens is someone genes which alters there gene expression and to fix this a retrovirus makes a DNA transcript of its RNA genome and inserts it into a host cell for replication

22
Q

Why isn’t there a one-time flu shot

A

A persons immune protection from vaccinations decline over time so it wouldn’t last for a persons whole lifetime

23
Q

What is a vaccine ands how do they help us

A

A way to expose your body to a type of pathogen that is weakened or inactive so if you come across the active/real pathogen your body will know how to fight it off quicker. They help us by getting rid of the pathogen

24
Q

What is the term vulnerable population

A

When certain people can’t get the vaccine because they may have an illness, they are a baby and are to young, pregnant

25
Q

What is the term herd immunity

A

When people get the vaccine not just to protect themselves but to keep the vulnerable population safe from the pathogen

26
Q

What lines of defence do humans have to combat pathogens

A

First is skin and mucus membrane, second is non-specific white blood cells, third is your B and T cells

27
Q

Vocabulary: Antigen

A

A part of a pathogen that the body uses to recognize as non-self

28
Q

Vocabulary: Antibiotic

A

They destroy the cell wall or block the production of critical proteins the bacteria might need

29
Q

Vocabulary: antibody

A

Proteins that attach to antigens to deactivate the pathogen by basically paralizing it

30
Q

Vocabulary: Virus

A

Microscopic parasites that are much smaller than bacteria

31
Q

Vocabulary: vesicle

A

Tiny sacs that transport material within and outside the cell

32
Q

Vocabulary: DNA

A

The carrier or genetic information and is in every living organism

33
Q

Vocabulary: symbiotic

A

Two things benefit and fungi are symbiotic

34
Q

What is mitosis

A

A type of cell division done my most of your cells

35
Q

What is cilia

A

Tiny hair like appendages that are on a paramecium that act like oars to move a unicellular organism forward

36
Q

What is flagellum

A

Long threadlike appendages that live on euglena to help a unicellular organism move

37
Q

What is cytoskeleton

A

Fibres running through the cytoplasm

38
Q

What are Prokaryotes

A

Organisms that can be bacteria and archaea

39
Q

what is a defected cell

A

When the cells separate they need to have them same information and if they don’t that is a defected cell

40
Q

Vocabulary: endosomes

A

Brings something in and processing it

41
Q

What are Eukaryotes

A

Organisms that fit in the category Eukarya these can be Protists, plants, animals, and fungi

Grade 8 Science (1 decks)

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