UNICEF and ENNS Flashcards
Triple burden of malnutrition in philippines
- Under nutrition
- Micronutrient deficiency
- Overweight and obesity
6 causes of all forms of malnutrition
Poverty and inequality
Social culture factors
Poor water quality
Poor sanitation and hygiene
Maternal nutrition
Poor diets
Forms of malnutrition occurs at 3 levels
1 individual
2 household
3 populations
4 Drivers and determinants of triple burden
- Nutrition transition from globalization & urbanization
- Social economic inequities
- Climate and environmental changes
- Humanitarian crisis and health pandemic
A process of considering all forms of malnutrition when designing and implementing programs and policies
Double duty actions
Questions to ask in doing double duty actions
- What actions can have co-benefits?
- How can the co-existence of under nutrition and overweight, obesity and NCDs can be addressed
Double duty actions
- Maternal and antenatal programs
- Promote, protect early initiation of breast feeding
- Promote complementary feefing
- School food policies and programs
- Regulations on marketing
Different and distinct stages of breast milk
- Colostrum
- Transitional milk
- Mature milk - fore and hind milk
first stage of breast milk; either yellowish or creamy; thicker than milk produced later in breastfeeding
Colostrum
occurs after colostrum and lasts for approximately two weeks; includes high levels of fat, lactose, and water-soluble vitamins; have MORE calories than colostrum
Transitional milk
the final milk that is produced. 90% of it is water, which is necessary to keep your infant hydrated; other 10% is comprised of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Mature milk
2 types of mature milk
- Fore milk
- Hind milk
Type of mature milk ejected at the beginning that contains water, vitamins, and CHON
Fore milk
Type of mature milk ejected after initial release; contains HIGH amount of FAT necessary for wt. gain
Hind milk
Complementary feeding is given
From 6 - 24 months
Process of formation of milk in mothers
Lactogenesis
Practice of placing newborn in the same room as the mother right after delivery up to discharge to facilitate bonding and initiate breastfeeding
Rooming in
A hormone that simulates milk production; major trigger this hormone to be released is SUCKING
Prolactin
Hormone for letdown or ejection of milk; plays role in uterine contractions during delivery and after delivery by sealing blood vessels and shrink in size
Oxytocin
Colostrum is rich in multiple immunoglobulins; it is abundant with ___.
IgA (remember “A” gAtAs!)
Colostrum component
High CHON; low in CHO and Fats
Component of hind milk
Abundant in fat globules, rich in phospholipid (cell growth and development), and cholesterol (myelination of CNS)
Main proteins present in colostrum
Ig A and lactoferrin
Major CHO in human milk
Lactose
Major CHON in human milk
Casein
Major CHON in human milk
Casein
Casein to whey ration in human milk
10:90 fore milk
40:60 hind milk
50:50 late lactation
Remember: whey is the liquid thus, mas mataas siya sa foremilk (fore milk is watery!)
Breast milk must be performed _____ after delivery
30 minutes
Mature milk is similar concentration as _____ which is HIGH in FAT, LOW in CHON
Plasma
Components of human milk per 1 fluid oz
21.6 kcal
0.317g CHON
2.12g CHO
1.35g Fat
Human milk is nutrient dense than formula milk except
Iron
Vit D
Vit K
Protein requirement for lactating women
1.1 g/kg/day
Law that limit the marketing/ promotion of breastmilk substitutes
Milk Code or EO 51
Law that limit the marketing/ promotion of breastmilk substitutes
International: Intl Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes
Phil: Milk Code or EO 51
Taxation of unhealthy food like SSB
RA 10963 (TRAIN Law)
Opportunities for using existing platforms to deliver DDA
- national food based dietary guidelines
- policies
- health system
- humanitarian aid and emergency nutrition programs
- local policies and ordinances
First name of PPAN from year 1974-1982
PNP
PPAN 1984-1987
FNP
PPAN 1987-1992
PFNP
PPAN 1987-1992
PFNP
When PPAN was used
1993
Immediate determinants of malnutrition
- Poor quantity and quality of diets
- Poor care due to suboptimal practices, inadequate services
Underlying determinants
Unhealthy food choices, food availability, accessibility, affordability
Poor practices and behavior
Fragmented and low quality nut and related services
Enabling determinants
Insufficient resources
Incorrect beliefs and practices of parents, health and nutrition workers
Low priority of nutrition of LGU, absence of policy, programs and related situations
Enabling determinants
Insufficient resources
Incorrect beliefs and practices of parents, health and nutrition workers
Low priority of nutrition of LGU, absence of policy, programs and related situations
T or F
In pregnant and lactating, there is a decreasing trend for nutritionally at risk pregnant and CED among lactating women while INCREASING trend for obese lactating women
True
T or F
Among 0-23 months, there’s and increasing prevalence in stunting and wasting
False
A: Decreasing
T or F
Among age groups there is an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity
True
