Unemployment and Employment

Question 1

Unemployment

Answer 1

a person between the ages of 15-64 who is able to work, wishes to work and is looking for work but cannot find a work or become self-employed

Question 2

2 kinds of unemployment definitions(describe)

Answer 2

expanded (includes persons not looking for a job or trying to become self-employed.)
Strict (include persons actively looking for work or trying to become self-employed.

Question 3

Employment

Answer 3

engagement of the factors of production called labour in the productive activity for which they receive remuneration.

Question 4

employment rate calculation

Answer 4

-Employment rate = Employment/population

Question 5

two reasons for unevenly distributed population

Answer 5

migration between provinces is unavoidable

urbanization

Question 6

people move to certain areas in search of: (3)

Answer 6

economic opportunities
employment opportunities
better living conditions
better climate

Question 7

Urbanization

Answer 7

movement (migration) of people from rural to urban areas

Question 8

according to the official unemployment definition (StatsSa) someone is unemployed when (30

Answer 8

• they did not work for seven days prior to the survey
• person wants to work and is available to work within a week of the survey
• person has looked for a job four weeks prior to survey

Question 9

according to expanded definition someone is unemployed if:

Answer 9

-person did not work seven days prior to the survey
- wants to and can work within a week of the survey.

Question 10

calculate unemployment rate

Answer 10

number of unemployed / total EAP

Question 11

types of unemployment(4)

Answer 11

frictional
cyclical
structural
seasonal

Question 12

frictional unemployment

Answer 12

when a person is between jobs/or looking for a job for the first time

Question 13

Cyclical

Answer 13

result of cyclical changes in an economy. (eg during a recession many people may lose their jobs)

Question 14

Structural

Answer 14

when structure of economy changes and certain skills are no longer needed in the economy

Question 15

Seasonal

Answer 15

when workers in a particular job are only needed in a certain part of the year. Common in agriculture and hospitality industries.

Question 16

Characteristics of unemployment in SA (4)

Answer 16

Lack of education
Young people likely to be unemployed
Gender
Race

Question 17

Causes of unemployment (4)

Answer 17

population increase
capital investment and mechanisation
historic reasons (eg apartheid)
economic cycles

Question 18

how does population increase cause unemployment

Answer 18

pop growth rate higher than eco growth rate

Question 19

how does capital investment and mechanistaion cause unemployment

Answer 19

businesses invest in machinery to produce goods more efficiently
machines less complicated to deal with than people (no leave, strikes, higher wages)

Question 20

how does historic reasons cause unemployment

Answer 20

apartheid prevented a large pop from getting a proper education

Question 21

how does economic cycles cause unemployment

Answer 21

when in recession there is less demand for goods

decrease production

fewer opportunities to find casual work

Question 22

Effects of unemployment (3)

Answer 22

poverty
social problems
cost of the taxpayers

Question 23

Approaches to solving the problem of unemployment (8)

Answer 23

gov programmes
growth of production
public works programmes
unemployment insurance fund
economically marginalised groups
skills development
correcting past policies
the employment equity act (EEA) and affirmative action

Question 24

GEAR

Answer 24

growth, employment and redistribution policy (create more economic growth)

Question 25

ASGI-SA goal

Answer 25

goal is to halve poverty and unemployment. we need the economy to grow at a rate of 6% per annum to achieve this

Question 26

JIPSA

Answer 26

Joint Initiative on Priority Skills and Acquisition (JIPSA)
was created to identify scarce skills that we need to grow the economy

Question 27

How does the growth of production reduce unemployment

Answer 27

Increasing demand for goods and services will cause an increase in production to satisfy this demand. This means more people have to be employed. This will reduce unemployment.

Question 28

how can one solve local uneployment

Answer 28

by increaseing local production

Question 29

NPWP ? WHAT?

Answer 29

National Public Works Programme started to upgrade SA’s infrastructure and provide job opportunities at the same time

Question 30

how do NPWP employ many unskilled wokrers

Answer 30

they use labour intesive methods to build and improve roads, pipelines, water supply etc

Question 31

What is the UIF

Answer 31

Unemployment Insurance fund is an insuranc scheme that provides temporary income for people who have lost their jobs
Omly pays out if you have been previously employed

Question 32

what are economically marginalised groups

Answer 32

people who have not been part of the economy in the past

Question 33

people from which groups form the majority of unemployment in South Africa?

Answer 33

Economically marginillesed groups

Question 34

What are some of the acts implemented to correct past policies such as apartheid

Answer 34

The employment equity act and affirmitive action
Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment

Question 35

WHat is the Employment Equity Act (EEA) and affirmative action

Answer 35

has been introduced to adress past poilicies that discriminated against certain population groups
Employers must give preference to black people, women and people with disabilities when recruiting workers

Question 36

What does the BBBEE policcies aim to increase

Answer 36

the number of black ownership of businesses