UNDERSTANDING THE SELF

Question 1

__________ is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.

It is a _______ field of study that seeks to _______, __________, and _______ human behavior.

Answer 1

Psychology

dynamic

explain, understand, and predict

Question 2

The ____ is a _________ ____________ since it only exists in our _____, and the mind develops and
shapes the self-according to our ___________, ___________, __________ _______ and ________.

Answer 2

self, cognitive construction

minds

personality, experiences, influences culture, religion

Question 3

The self as a _________ ____________ is both an internal state which can be glanced externally through the ____________ ________, ___________and _______ in life.

Answer 3

cognitive construction

individual’s behavior, temperament, outlook

Question 4

_______ _____ is one of the first psychologist to frame a theory of the mind.

He referred to the mind as a stream of consciousness.

Answer 4

William James

Question 5

_____________, a school of thought that focused on how behavior functions to aid in the adaptation of individuals to their environment.

Answer 5

functionalism

Question 6

_____________ is like a stream that flows in one direction.

Answer 6

consciousness

Question 7

William James developed a theory of the self in which he said that the self is both the ______ and the _____, wherein the knower is what we refer to as the “___” and the known as “____”. According to James, our total self can be defined as a ______, it is partly the object and partly the subject.

Answer 7

knower, known

I, Me

duplex

Question 8

I would refer to the ____, the ___________ and the _____, while the “me” would refer to the _________ ____, one that exists in the past and the future, as well as in the present.

Answer 8

doer, experiencer, agent

narrative self

Question 9

James believed that the “I” cannot be divided and is related to the ___.

The “me” part of the self is the repository of all the experiences of the individual and he identified components of the “me” part as the ____________, __________, and _____________.

Answer 9

ego

material self, social self, spiritual self

Question 10

The ________ refers to the things or objects that a person owns or belongs to such as ______ and _____. The care of the material self was the body.

Answer 10

material self

family, money

Question 11

The __________ refers to the recognition which a person gets from other people, such as the need to be noticed favorably by the people who are important to us.

According to James, there is no greater punishment than to be ostracized by your peers and society.

The social self is facilitated by the need for ____________________ with significant others.

Answer 11

social self

emotional corrections

Question 12

the _____________ as the person’s inner or subjective being, not to be confused with the ____ ___, but rather that awareness of being a district self.

It is that keen awareness of who we are and how similar or different we are from others.

The spiritual self is manifested by our ability to ____ and _____ about ourselves removed from our environment and circumstance.

Answer 12

spiritual self

pure ego

feel, think

Question 13

James was of the opinion that how we behave is determined by our ____ ____, a totality of the _____________, _________, _________ and ________ or the __. That through the self we can become whoever we want to be, as long as we strive for it.

Answer 13

true self

material self, social self, spiritual self, pure ego, i

Question 14

_____ ______ was a trained psychoanalyst, however after a few years developed her own theory wherein contradicted to Freud’s deterministic philosophy.

Answer 14

Karen Horney

Question 15

Horney developed a theory of personality wherein ______ _____________ were the key influence to the kind of personality that the individual subscribes to.

Horney’s vision of the self, consisted of what she called the ________ or ____________ and the _________ or ______________.

Answer 15

social relationships

real self, possible self, ideal self, impossible self

Question 16

The ________ is like a phantom, a mental abstraction but can be ____, ____and _______.

The real self is the ____________ that we could have become if we grew up in an environment without any ________.

Horney said that the real self is not a fixed entity but rather a system of potentialities, imbued with _______, __________, and ____________ that we are born with and will be able to develop given a positive and nurturing environment.

Answer 16

real self
real, felt, certain

possible self
neurosis

talents, capacities, predispositions

Question 17

The _________ is the idealized image that overtakes the ________, as people experience being ________, ________ and _______, new persona develops fueled by the ________ need for approval, power and independency.

Answer 17

ideal self
real self

isolated, helpless, unloved

neurotic

Question 18

The ____________ is what we feel we become when we fail to live up to our own unrealistic expectations of who we should be.

Answer 18

despised self

Question 19

_____ ______ proposed a multiple self-theory wherein he postulated that personality consists of the hypothesized structures and processes in the mind that can explain the patterns of behavior that individuals consistently exhibit.

Answer 19

David Lester

Question 20

Lester also said that the mind is composed of multiple such subselves that are autonomous sets of psychological processes such as ______, _______, ________and ________.

Answer 20

dreams, desires, emotions, memories

Question 21

Lester implied that a person may have ________ ______due to the fact that each one has ______ ___________, _____, _______, ________ to go through in life that it would be taxing for the mind to only have oneself. More theorists have supported Lester’s notion of multiple selves.

Answer 21

multiple selves

varied experiences, goals, desires, emotions

Question 22

The _______ ____ is the integration of the subselves into one.

For the integration to work, there should be a ________, __________ ____________ and __________________. There will be a time in our lives when the multiple subselves will form into a cohesive unit.

Answer 22

unified self

peaceful, harmonious co-existence, interconnectedness

Question 23

The self encompasses the entire range of the human faculty such as ________, ________, __________and _______ ______ ______. The self can be good or evil and is shaped
by one’s culture.

Answer 23

emotions, thoughts, influences and various mental states

Question 24

The true self is inherently _____, ____and __________ __________ and _____________, and it is also culturally stable.

The true self is governed by a _____ ____, which is unchanging and will be the _____ _______ of the self.

Answer 24

moral, good, transcends situations, circumstances

moral code

moral compass

Question 25

The _____ ____ is not be understood as the opposite of the true self, but rather refer to all of the dimensions of the self that are not essential to the true self.

It is like the roles that we ______________ or the __________ and _________that we take on but do not reflect how we truly are.

Answer 25

false self

pretend to play, appearance, behaviors

Question 26

The true self and false self are difficult to comprehend, in as much as they are _________ _______________ of who we truly are and what we are not.

Answer 26

cognitive representations

Question 27

______ _______ developed a theory of personality called ______ _________ ______, wherein he emphasized that the development of personality is brought about by the interaction of __________, _________ and _____________ _______.

Answer 27

Albert Bandura

social cognitive theory

behavioral, cognitive, environmental factors

Question 28

_________ is the ability to anticipate and plan for future events and needs and to be able to work hard towards
it.

The tendency to plan for the attainment of future goals appears to be an inherent part of the _________ ____.

Answer 28

proactive

proactive self

Question 29

However, the individual can only be proactive if he/she is _______, which according to Bandura is the ability of the self to influence intentionally one’s functioning and life circumstances.

He strongly believed that we are not just products of our life circumstances nor of our pasts, but rather a ______ and _______ ___________to our own lives.

Answer 29

agentic

living, dynamic contributor

Question 30

________ ______ develops in the early stages of life, where the sense of self is socially constructed through the experiences one has with the environment and transactions with other people.

Answer 30

personal agency

Question 31

______________ would refer to the ability to plan and in working towards realizing that plan.

Answer 31

intentionality