UNDERSTANDING THE SELF Flashcards
PhILOSOPHY is defined as the Study of ______?
Knowledge or Wisdom
Latin Roots of the word “Philosophy”
“Philo” means Love; and
“Sophia” means Wisdom
What Type of “Idea of Permanence”?
“Everything in existence is permanent and unchangeable. Something exist because it is permanent.”
Pro Permanence
What Type of “Idea of Permanence”?
Everything flows. You can never step on the same river twice.
Pro Changeability
Who are the Big 3 Philosophers?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
He is the Mentor of Plato
Socrates
Stone Mason with a Sharp Mind
Socrates
Great Debater
Socrates
What is the Socratic/Dialectic Method?
Do not answer the question. Make them answer the question by giving them another question.
“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.”
Socrates
He was named by the Oracle of Delphi as the Wisest of All Men
Socrates
Born in Athens to one of the Greece’s aristocratic families
Plato
Nicknamed because of his physical built which means Wide or Broad
Plato
He established “The Academy”
Plato
Refers to what are real. Not encountered with the senses. Can only be grasped intellectually.
Forms
He believed that his mission in life was to seek the highest knowledge and convince others who are willing to seek this knowledge with him.
Socrates
What are the Characteristics of Forms?
Forms are Ageless and therefore are Eternal, Unchanging and therefore are Permanent, Unmoving and Indivisible
PLATO’S DUALISM
“Composed of changing “sensible” things which are lesser entities and therefore IMPERFECT AND FLAWED
The Realm of Shadows
PLATO’S DUALISM
“Composed of eternal things which are permanent and perfect. It is the source of reality and true knowledge.”
The Realm of Forms
He made use of the Socratic/Dialectic Method
Plato
He believed that knowledge lies within a person’s soul
Plato
3 COMPONENTS OF SOUL
“Rational and is the Motivation for goodness and truth.”
The Reason
3 COMPONENTS OF SOUL
“Non-rational and is the will or the drive towards action. Initially neutral but can be influenced in two direction.”
The Spirited
3 COMPONENTS OF SOUL
“Irrational and lean towards the desire and pleasure of the body.”
The Appetizer
What people see in the cave are only shadows which they believe are real things and represents knowledge.
Allegory of the Cave
In knowing the truth, the person must become the truth.
Theory of Being
___________ is the way of knowing and realizing the truth.
Love
Sees man as a sinners who reject/go against a loving God’s command
Christianity
A philosopher whose main idea is about Religion.
St. Augustine
He is from Hippo, Africa
St. Augustine
He wanted to know about moral evil and why it existed in people, his personal desire for sensual pleasures and questions about all sufferings in the world.
St. Augustine
His view of human nature are God as the source of all reality and truth, and the sinfulness of man.
St. Augustine
Father of Modern Philosophy
Rene Descartes
Introduced the Cartesian Plane and invented Analytic Geometry
Rene Descartes
The ability to apprehend direction of certain truths
Intuition
The power to discover what is known by progressing in an orderly way from what is already known. Truths are arrived using step by step process.
Deduction
I think, therefore I am
Rene Descartes
He believed that reasoning could produce absolute truths about nature, existence, morality, and God
Rene Descartes
He considered the soul/mind as a substance that is separate from the body
Rene Descartes
He was born in Wrington, England
John Locke
Son of a Puritan Lawyer
John Locke
He believed that knowledge results for ideas produced by the objects that were experienced
John Locke
PROCESS INVOLVES TWO FORMS
Objects were experienced through the senses
Sensation
PROCESS INVOLVES TWO FORMS
Mind looks at the objects that were experienced to discover relationships that may exists between them
Reflection
Ideas are not inmate but rather the mind at birth is a blank slate
Tabula Rasa
His View of Human Nature is Knowing what is good does not necessarily mean that people will always do what is good. And Morals, Religious, and Political Values come from sense experience.
John Locke
JOHN LOCKE’S THREE LAWS
Actions that are ‘praiseworthy’ are called Virtue and those that are not are called Vice.
Law of Opinion
JOHN LOCKE’S THREE LAWS
Right actions are enforced by people with authority (ex. Courts, Police)
Civil Law
JOHN LOCKE’S THREE LAWS
The actions of man are set by God
Divine Law
Impressions immediate sensation
David Hume
Recollection of Impressions
Ideas
Human nature “self” others call it “soul”.The self is a product of the imagination.There is no permanent self.
David Hume
The mind is not just a passive receiver of sense experience but an active participant. God is within man.
Immanuel Kant
The Unconscious (Iceberg), ID, EGO, SUPEREGO, Instincts: LIFE (Eros – libido – thirst, hunger, sex), DEATH (Thanatos – aggression and violence)
Sigmund Freud
knowing that’ (only is empty intellectualism) and ‘knowing how’
Gilbert Ryle
Neurophilosophy - the brain and the mind. The biochemical properties of the brain are responsible for man’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Patricia and Paul Churchland
Self-experience and the experience of other people
Maurice Merleau Ponty
The Study of the world around us
Sociology
The Self cannot be separated from the Society
George Herbert Mead
