Understanding the modern world: America opportunity/ equality

Question 1

Henry Ford + Mass Production (stats sales)

Answer 1

Henry Ford created the Assembly line: this encouraged mass production: cars now only took 1hour to build compared to 13.5.
In 1919 60 000 radios were sold but in 1929 10million were sold.
Telephones went from 10million (1915)- 20million(1930)

Question 2

How many women now had jobs in 1929? - how many compared to before 1920s?

Answer 2

10 million had jobs 1929.

24% more than in 1920s.

Question 3

Presidents and their republican policies:

Answer 3

Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover: All believed in Laissez-faire (no government involvement)
Hoover believed in Rugged individualism (individual citizens should be responsible for themselves.)

Question 4

What did the cycle of prosperity introduce?

Answer 4

Isolationism: Government introduced high tariffs on overseas oviducts to avoid competition.
Technology: New products available to buy.
Mass production: Ford’s assembly line increased production everywhere.
Hire purchase: increased demand for goods - buy now pay later.
Shares Business raised money selling stock exchange shares.

Question 5

KKK membership 1920s

Answer 5

Increased dramtically in 1920s.
Between 1-8million members by mid 20s.
Took part in whippings, tar and feather attacks, lynchings.

Question 6

Which groups of women changed during 1920s? in contrast to who?

Answer 6

Younger women in Northern urban cities

-this contrasted the traditional women in the south whom still made up the majority of the population.

Question 7

Which events showed blacks loyalty to the us army?

Answer 7

• Pearl harbour Hero
• Tuskeegee airmen
• Battle of Bulge

Question 8

How did war impact women in working?

Answer 8

300,000 women joined forces.
7million joined work forces.
12million working women.
Percentage of women working went from 35-50% between 1941-45.

Question 9

Why did war bring about economic recovery?

Answer 9

Created supply and demand.
California had 1.5 million new workers.
14 million people worked in factories.
7million women joined work forces.

Question 10

Roosevelt’s measures of the new deal:

Answer 10

• getting industry and agriculture back on its feet.
• Protecting Americans savings and property.
• Americans getting back to work.
• Relief for the sick, old and unemployed.

Question 11

Opposition to the new deal

Answer 11

• Conservatives said Roosevelt spent too much government money.
• Wealthy business men said in raising taxes Roosevelt had betrayed his own class.
• Ordinary people wondered why he was helping them.

Question 12

Who didn’t benefit from the boom?

Answer 12

Farmers - suffered due to overproduction since ww1
Workers in old industries-Machines took places of workers.
Unemployed and poor- 60% of population was in poverty and therefore couldn’t afford consumer goods.

Question 13

Why were Supreme Court against the new deal?

Answer 13

Saw Roosevelt as a dictator
Actions were undermining states power.
Unconstitutional as it interferred with people’s lives too much.
Members were all Republican.

Question 14

Why were radical politicians against the New Deal?

Answer 14

New deal wasn’t doing enough

Blacks and farmers remained in a very bad way.

Question 15

Two named examples of people against Roosevelts New Deal

Answer 15

Huey Long - a senator

Father Coughlin

Question 16

Why was father Coughlin opposed to the new deal?

Answer 16

Set up radio programme to broadcast disapproval

Believed Roosevelt wasn’t doing enough to help the poor.

Question 17

Why was Huey Long opposed to the new deal?

Answer 17

Senator wanting to tax rich more
In his share our wealth plan.
Make the new deal less complicated to help the poor.

Question 18

1932 election - Why was Roosevelt elected?

Answer 18

Reasurred and related to ordinary American’s situations.

Inspired hope in Americans.

Question 19

1932 election - Hoover’s failure

Answer 19

He believed government still shouldn’t get involved “in Hoover we trusted, now we are busted”

Question 20

Roosevelt’s first 100 days.

Answer 20

• $500million spent helping poor.
• Fireside chats 60million listeners.
• Created trustworthy banks.
• Agrucultural Adjustment Administration helped farmers.
• Civilian Conservation Corps got 2.5 million men out of unemployement.

Question 21

How much did membership for NAACP rise by 1945?

What is NAACP?

Answer 21

From 50,000 - half a million.

Main blacks campaign for equality.

Question 22

How did war impact Blacks?

Answer 22

End od 1944 2 million were working in factories.
blacks found racism wasn’t normal outside of the south
NAACP rose from 50 000 to 1/2 million by 1945.
Over 1million fought ww2
Tuskeegee airmen

Question 23

Pop Culture 1950s

Answer 23

Television, radio and cinema

Musicals made into films.

Question 24

The American Dream

Answer 24

Attitudes towards spending and saving-Spending rather than saving
Lifestyle-Relied on new machines (cars, refrigerators)
Attitudes towards consumer products-Modern conveniences became expected.
Spread of wealth-1960 living standards was 3x that of a British person.

Question 25

McCarthyism

Answer 25

The dark side
Communism made people scared
Fears tightened in 1949
When China turned communist.

Question 26

Segregation 1950s-1960s/Jim Crow Laws

Answer 26

Jim Crow Laws segregated everyday facilities like Buses parks and schools.

Question 27

African Americans rights to vote 1950s-1960s

Answer 27

Blacks were threatened + intimidated to prevent them from voting.
only 5% of African Americans voted in Mississippi.

Question 28

Linda Brown V Board 1954

Answer 28

African American girl had to travel dangerously to school.

1954 Brown won the case Southern states had to set up integrated schools.

Question 29

Rosa Parks Montgomery bus Boycott 1955

Answer 29

No room at the back of a segregated bus. Rosa parks sat in front of the bus. She was arrested Blacks stopped riding the buses.
This resulted in desegregation of all public transport. Showed successful peaceful protest.

Question 30

Little Rock 1957

Answer 30

Supreme Court ordered governor of Arkansas to allow 9 Black students to attend a white school.
Faubus ordered state troops to prevent students entering.
Eisenhower sent his troops to make sure the children were safe.

Question 31

MLK Peaceful Protests Sit-ins 1960

Answer 31

Blacks sat in restaurants where whites usually sat and refused to stand up. Number of protesters went from 23- 400.

Question 32

Bust - unemployment

Answer 32

Overproduction - everyone who wanted new goods already had them - this meant companies went out of business and people lost their jobs

Question 33

Great Society 1960 - benefits of unemployment

Answer 33

• more aid to poor cities
• increases in social security
• help for rural farmers
• medicaid 1965
• Economic Opportunity Act 1964.

Question 34

Presidents after Eisenhower

Answer 34

JFK elected after Eisenhower - promised to change society

JKF assassinated 1963 - Lyndon B Johnson took over 1964

Question 35

Voting rights act 1965

Answer 35

Inforced because of MLKs peaceful protests

Act allowed government officials to inspect voting to ensure it was done properly.

Question 36

Malcom X and Black Power Beliefs

Answer 36

Violence justified to achieve equality
Some wanted complete separation and a ‘black state’
Focussed on Northern ‘officially un-racist’ inner city blacks who faced poverty and police brutality - not southern racism.
Focussed on trying to improve blacks living conditions.

Question 37

MLK Freedom Rides 1961

Answer 37

Although buses were de-seg by law this wasn’t always enforced. Freedom riders rode these buses - this resulted in some of the worst violence of the campaign. 200 freedom fighters arrested, 40 went to jail.

Question 38

march on Washington 1963

Answer 38

Martin Luther King staged march on Washington of 250 000 people to pressure Kennedy to pass Civil right bill.
MLK said ‘I have a dream’ speech

Question 39

Civil rights act 1964

Answer 39

Kennedy assassinated 1964 act made it illegal for local government to discriminate in areas of housing and employment.
430 000 African Americans registered to vote.

Question 40

Selma 1965

Answer 40

MLK organised ‘voting rights’ march through selma, Alabama with racist Sheriff Jim Clark - authorities banned the march 600 people continued.
‘Bloody Sunday’ 7th March. March was rearranged however turned back.

Question 41

Feminist movements

Answer 41

National Organisation for women 1966:

• Betty Friedan Adopted bill of rights 1967
• Fight for equal pay
• Roe v Wade made abortion legal
• Supreme Court ruling on equal rights
• 1972 contraception made widely available to un married couples
• Some opposition to amendment 1972 as not all women agreed with these changes.

Question 42

Race Riots 1965-1967

Answer 42

In cities of North and West Whih had large numbers of African American population.

Question 43

The civil Rights Act 1968

Answer 43

Housing could no longer be so on the basis of race, sex, national origin or religion.