Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Host Defense Exam 1 > Understanding the Immune System- Overview > Flashcards

Understanding the Immune System- Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for lymphocyte?

A

White blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What occurs in the thymus?

A

T-cells mature there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In what 4 areas are lymph nodes most commonly found?

A

Neck, armpit, groin and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs in lymph nodes?

A

Immune cells congregate and encounter antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where in the lymph nodes are B lymphocytes found?

A

Cortex/follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where in the lymph nodes are antibodies produced?

A

In the germinal center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where in the lymph nodes are T lymphocytes found?

A

Paracortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where in the lymph nodes are macrophages found?

A

In the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cells are the main phagocytes involved in the first line of defense?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Monocytes are precursors to macrophages. They travel around in the blood and then migrate into the tissues where they mature into macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the average lifespan of a neutrophil?

A

3 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of a neutrophil?

A

Neutrophils circulate the blood, and when tissue-based macrophages encounter an invader, neutrophils soon reinforce their immune response by coming to the site in large numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Dendritic cells are macrophage-like cells that are highly specialized for presentation of microbial antigens to lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name 3 lymphoid lineage cells.

A

Natural killer cells (NK cells), B-cells and T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name 6 myeloid lineage cells.

A

Eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils (PMNs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do eosinophils defend against?

A

parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do basophils defend against?

A

parasites- functions similar to eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do neutrophils defend against?

A

general phagocytic cells of the innate immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main role of dendritic cells?

A

Antigen presenting cells to lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the responsibility of natural killer cells?

A

They provide innate immunity to viruses and tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the role of T-cells?

A

produce cytokines

22
Q

What is the role of B-cells?

A

produces antibodies

23
Q

What are “CD’s”?

A

Clusters of Differentiation- they are antigens expressed on the surface of specific subsets of immune cells- they are useful for differentiating cells types from one another

24
Q

What is the CD specific for granulocytes?

A

CD15+

25
Q

What is the CD specific for monocytes?

A

CD14+

26
Q

What’s the CD specific to dendritic cells?

A

CD11c

27
Q

What is the CD specific to t- cells

A

CD3+

28
Q

What are the CDs specific to T-helper cells?

A

CD3+, CD4+

29
Q

What are the CDs specific to cytotoxic T cells?

A

CD3+ and CD8+

30
Q

What is the CD specific to B-cells?

A

CD19+

31
Q

What is the CD specific to natural killer cells?

A

CD56+

32
Q

What is the relative break down of white blood cells in the blood?

A 
Neutrophils: 40-70%
Lymphocytes: 20-50%
Monocytes: 2-10%
Eosinophils 1-%
Basophils:
33
Q

What is the general course of action for an antigen captured by a dendritic cell in peripheral tissue?

A

The Ag is phagocytosed by dendritic cells which traffic to regional lymph nodes. In the lymph node, the antigen is presented to the lymphocytes by the dendritic cells.

34
Q

What happens to an Ag captured in the blood stream?

A

Ag is captured by the spleen and presented to lymphocytes in the spleen resulting in an immune response

35
Q

What type of cells express class I MHC molecules?

A

Virtually all nucleated cells (no red blood cells)

36
Q

Which cells express MHC class II ?

A

B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells

These also have class I MHCs as well

37
Q

What are HLAs?

A

MHCs are called HLAs in humans

38
Q

What is the purpose of MHC molecules?

A

They present foreign antigens to T-cells

39
Q

What is the humoral response?

A

Humoral= B cell mediated

Antibodies produced by Ig-secreting B-cells (plasma cells) are directed against cell associated and free floating antigens

40
Q

What is the cell-mediated response?

A

Cell-mediated = T-cells

Killing of cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and/or production of cytokines directed against defective/infected cells and non-self cells.

41
Q

What happens when an antibody on a b-cell in a lymph node binds to an antigen?

A

The B-cell clonally expands, differentiates and some of the clonally expanded cells become large plasma cells that produce identical copies of the antibody.

Memory b-cells are produced as well

42
Q

What is a b-cell receptor?

A

BCR- antibody embedded in the plasma membrane of a b-cell, specific for an antigen

43
Q

Which cells make cytokines?

A

T helper cells (CD4+)

44
Q

What is the general role of a cytokine?

A

Growth, differentiation, and activation molecules that activate many immune cells, including b cells and other t-cells

45
Q

What is the role of cytotoxic T-cells?

A

CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells help rid the body of cells that have been infected by viruses as well as cells that have been transformed by cancer. They can also reject tissue and organ grafts

46
Q

How do natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells kill their target?

A

They deliver bursts of lethal chemicals- perforin and granzymes

47
Q

What happens to an antigen that is bound by an antibody?

A

It is marked for destruction by compliment and other immune cells

48
Q

Describe the difference between a primary and secondary response.

A

Primary: modest
Secondary: Faster, bigger, longer due to expansion of memory cells –> much more antibody produced

49
Q

How is a B-cell activated?

A

BCRs bind to their antigen –> antigen is engulfed and processed, and b-cells undergo clonal expansion and differentiation. Requires cytokines produced by antigen activated T-helper cells.

50
Q

How are helper T-cells activated and what happens next?

A

An antigen from a class II MHC specific to a TCR binds and activates the T-cell. The helper t cell produces cytokines that increase the number of specific antibody producing plasma cells and the cytotoxic killer cells needed to quell the infection

51
Q

How are cytotoxic T cells activated?

A

They bind to their specific antigens on Class I MHC molecules.

A resting cytotoxic T cell recognizes a virus fragment which is displayed by a dendritic cell or macrophage in combination with Class I MHC

Host Defense Exam 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions