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Principles of Health Science > understanding the human body: bones > Flashcards

understanding the human body: bones Flashcards

(118 cards)

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1
Q

Flat Bones

A

protect internal organs, sound as they look, flat, ex. sternum, scapula

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2
Q

long bones

A

support the weight of our body and facilitate movement, longer than they are wide, ex. femur, humerus, phalanges

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3
Q

short bones

A

provide stability and some movement, as long as they are wide, ex. lunate, calcaneus

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4
Q

irregular bones

A

vary in shape and size, shapes are fairly complex in nature to help protect internal organs, ex. pelvis, vertebral column

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5
Q

sesamoid bones

A

bones embedded in tendons, small round bones found in knee and feet, designed to protect tendons from stress and wear

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6
Q

function of bones

A

support structure and shape of body, provide anchor points that muscles pull on to cause motion, storage spot for calcium and phosphorus, blood is formed in the bones

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7
Q

bone composition

A

collagen, inorganic calcium salts, vitamin D

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8
Q

collagen

A

chief organic constituent (protein)

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9
Q

Vitamin D

A

essential for absorption of calcium

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10
Q

bone tissue

A

osseous tissue

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11
Q

osteocytes

A

osteoblast embedded within the bone matrix

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12
Q

osteoblasts

A

bone building, bone repairing cells in the periosteum

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13
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells responsible for the breakdown and resorption of bone

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14
Q

compact (bone tissue)

A

hard dense bone found in the shaft (diaphysis) of long bones, outer layer of other bones

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15
Q

spongey (bone tissue)

A

larger spacing than compact bones, found at end of long bones (epiphysis) and center of other bones

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16
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow center of long bones that contains bone marrow

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17
Q

red bone marrow

A

manufactures blood cells, found at end of long bones and center of other bones

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18
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

mostly fat, found in central cavity of long bones

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19
Q

bone membranes

A

the membranes contain bone forming cells that aid in growth and repair

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20
Q

periosteum

A

covers outside surface of bones

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21
Q

endosteum

A

lines the marrow cavity of a bone

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22
Q

growth begins at

A

center of diaphysis

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23
Q

growing forms a line across _______ which can be seen on an x ray

A

epiphysis

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24
Q

bone repairs itself during

A

active bone formation

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25
females are done growing around age
14-15
26
males are done growing around age
16
27
have more difficulty repairing fractures due to bone renewal process being slower
elderly
28
head
round knob-like end separated from rest of body by a slender region
29
process
large projections of a bone
30
crest
distinct border or ridge, usually rough
31
spina
sharp projections from bone surface
32
tubercle
round nodule, small eminence
33
foramen
hole that allows a vessel or nerve to pass through or between bone
34
sinus
air space in some skull bones
35
fossa
depression on a bone surface
36
meatus
short channel or passage way
37
axial division
head, vertebral column, thorax
38
appendicular division
shoulder girdle, upper and lower extremities, pelvic girdle
39
cranium (bones in skull)
frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital
40
facial bones
mandible, maxillae, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae
41
other bones in the skull
ossicles, hyoid
42
ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
43
infant bone in the skull
fontanelles
44
vertebral column
cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacrum(5 fused), coccyx(4-5 fused)
45
thorax
sternum and ribs
46
sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
47
ribs
true 1-7, false 8-10, floating 11-12
48
shoulder girdle
clavicle, scapula
49
clavicle
collar bone
50
scapula
shoulder bone
51
upper extremities
humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpal, phalanges
52
humerus
upper arm bone
53
ulna
forearm bone on medial side
54
radius
forearm bone on lateral side
55
carpal bones
wrist bones
56
metacarpal
hand bones
57
phalanges
finger and toe bones
58
pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
59
ilium
upper flared part
60
ischium
lowest and strongest part
61
pubis
anterior part joined by a joint called symphysis pubis
62
lower extremities
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges
63
femur
thigh bone
64
patella
knee cap
65
tibia
shin bone, longer and stronger
66
fibula
shin bone on lateral side of lower leg
67
tarsal bones
foot bones
68
metatarsal
framework of instep
69
joints
a junction or union between bones aka articulation
70
fibrous (joints)
immovable (synarthrosis) held together by fibrous connective tissue
71
cartilaginous (joints)
slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis) joints connected by cartilage
72
synovial (joints)
freely moveable (diarthrosis)
73
gliding joints
bone surfaces slide over eachother
74
hinge joint
allows movement in one direction changing angle of bone and joint
75
pivot joint
allows rotation around the length of a bone
76
condyloid joint
allows movement in two directions (ellipsoidal)
77
saddle joint
like condyloid joint with deeper articulating surfaces
78
ball and socket joint
allows movement in many directions around a central point
79
flexion
bending motion that decreases angle between bones
80
extension
straightening motion that increases angle between bones
81
abduction
movement away from midline of body
82
adduction
movement towards midline of body
83
circumduction
combination of movements that allows motion to make a circle
84
supination
turning palms up
85
pronation
turning palms down
86
inversion
turning sole of foot inward
87
eversion
turning slow of foot outward
88
dorsiflexion
bending foot up at ankle
89
plantar flexion
pointing toes downward
90
protraction
scapula movement away from spine
91
retraction
scapula movement toward spine
92
elevation
upward/superior movement, shoulder shrug
93
depression
downward/ inferior movement
94
upward rotation
turning the glenoid fossa upward
95
downward rotation
returning glenoid fossa down to anatomical position
96
internal rotation
movement of a long bone in the transverse plane toward midline
97
external rotation
movement of a long bone in the transverse plane away from the midline
98
dislocation
derangement of the parts of the joint
99
sprain
stress placed on joint exceeding normal stresses causing damage to ligaments that support the joint
100
arthritis
inflammation of the joint
101
osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease that occurs in personas due to normal wear and tear
102
rheumatoid arthritis
a crippling condition characterized by swelling of the joints in hands feet and other body parts as a result of inflammation and overgrowth of the synovial membranes and other joint tissue
103
septic (infectious arthritis)
when bacteria spreads to the joint tissue usually by way of blood stream
104
gout
due to metabolic disturbance which causes an accumulation of uric acid that forms crystals which deposits as masses around the joints and other parts of the body
105
cleft palate
congenital deformity in which there is an opening in the roof of the mouth owing to faulty union of the maxillary bone, can be corrected by surgery
106
osteoporosis
disorder of bone formation in which there is a lack of normal calcium salt deposits and a decrease in protein, bones become very fragile
107
tumors
abnormal cell growth in bones, can be benign such as cyst or malignant such as osteosarcoma
108
kyphosis
hunchback, an exaggeration of the thoracic curve
109
lordosis
sway back, an excessive lumbar curve (seen mostly in pregnant)
110
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the vertebral column
111
changing with aging
loss of calcium salts, decreased production of collagen, thinning of intervertebral discs
112
closed bone fracture
simple, no open wound
113
open bone fracture
broken bone protrudes through the skin
114
greenstick bone fracture
one side of bone is broken and other is bent
115
impact fracture
the broken ends of bones are jammed into eachother
116
comminuted fracture
bone is splintered or crushed
117
spiral fracture
bone is twisted apart
118
depressed fracture
bone becomes depressed after blunt force trauma

Principles of Health Science (3 decks)

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