Understanding Patient Behaviour Flashcards
According to the Leventhal Et Al (1985) act, what are the factors that are believed to predict health behaviours?
- Social factors- learning, reinforcement, modelling, social norms
- Genetics- genetic basis for alcohol use
- Emotional factors- stress, anxiety, tension and fear
- Perceived symptoms like pain, breathlessness and fatigue
- Beliefs of patients and healthcare professionals
What are the general risk factors for coronary heart disease?
- Smoking and tobacco use
- Poor diet
- High blood cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Insufficient physical activity
- Overweight and obesity
- Diabetes
- Psychosocial stress
- Excess alcohol consumption
- Maternal nutrition and air pollution
What are the treatment goals for coronary heart disease?
- Resuming appropriate levels of exercise
- Smoking cessation
- Weight management (BMI less than 30kg/m2)
- Addressing alcohol use
- Stress management
Describe the lay referral system?
- If suffering from symptoms- decision is made to seek medical advice isn’t often because of just themselves
- They seek to discuss decision with:
Family, friends and colleagues
Why do patients regularly consult a pharmacist?
- Minor aliments
- Conformation of health status
- Pharmacists’ accessibility
- Source of information, supplier of convention and unorthodox treatment
- Have medicine dispensed
- Receive health care promotion advice and/or diagnostic testing
What are the factors that influence an individuals response to an illness?
- Symptom visibility and perceived importance
- Assessment of symptom’s significance (risk assessment)
- Potential for individual’s symptom to disrupt community
- Symptom for denial for fear of conformation of serious disease
- Deferring response to symptoms for competing demands like work, family commitments
- Assessment of social and economically costs of RTS against potential health related benefits
- Available information, knowledge and cultural assumptions
- Frequency and persistence of symptoms
- Competing interpretations of symptoms
What are the psychological needs to cardiac patients?
- Concerns about the impact of symptoms and significance
- Adherence to or side effects from treatment
- Shock, disbelief and denial about having cardiac problem
- Coping and engaging in everyday activities
- Modifying behavioural risk factors for coronary heart disease
- Changes in relationships and interactions with other people
- Catastrophic interpretations about impact of cardiac disease on their lives and prospects in future
- Re-emergence or worsening of pre-morbind psychological difficulties (past depression)
Describe what communication barriers can cause non adherence of medication and what it’s caused by?
- Non english as primary language
- Low function literacy
- Substance abuse
- Mental illness
Caused by:
- Limited time with patient
- Complex medication regimens
- High level instructions
Describe what motivation factors can cause non adherence of medication and what it’s caused by?
- Poor understanding of disease state/illness
- Lack of perceived need or benefit from medication
- Fear of toxicity or side effects
Caused by:
- Limited time with patient
- Complex medication regimens
- Preventative therapy
- Polypharmacy (4 or more medicine used by patient)
Describe what socioeconomic factors can cause non adherence of medication and what it’s caused by?
- Inadequete healthcare coverage
- Unemployed and poverty
- Concerns about costs
Causes:
Economic recession
Polypharmacy
What can patients suffer from thats not cardiac related when they have a existing cardiovascular disease?
- Anxiety and depression
2. Reluctant to accept diagnosis or anxiety or depression
What are the lifestyle changes after an MI?
- Changing diet
- Alcohol consumption
- Regular physical activity
- Smoking cessation
- Weight management
How does a patient adjust to a long term condition, what are the long term characteristics and illness trajectory?
LTC:
1. Body systems impacted
- Symptom burden
Illness trajectory :
1. Diagnosis
- Complicated onset
- Change in treatment
- Relapse or flareup
What is the lazarus and folkman stress and coping model? (LONG ANSWER)
- Stimulus- what is at stake?
- Primary appraisal
- threat relevant? (harm & loss, threat, challenge)
- No threat = no worry - Secondary Appraisal - What can i do?
- What resources do i have?
- Will it be effective (expectations) - Coping behaviours
- Problem focused: managing the cause of distress
- Emotion focused: regulation of distress - Re-appraisal back to beginning of stimulus
What is the Leventhal ET AL common sense model? (LONG ANSWER)
Look in folder of PM2D
