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CCEA GCSE Geography > Understanding Our Natural World: River Environments Glossary > Flashcards

Understanding Our Natural World: River Environments Glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

Infiltration

2 marks

A

Water soaks or filters into the soil (transfer).

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2
Q

Surface Runoff

3 marks

A

Water moves across the surface of the Earth becoming a stream, tributary or river (transfer).

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3
Q

Precipitation

3 marks

A

An input where water is introduced to the Drainage basin system (input).

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4
Q

Evapotranspiration

4 marks

A

Water vapour is evaporated from the trunk, leaves of trees and other vegetation, back into the atmosphere (output).

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5
Q

Throughflow

3 marks

A

Water moves downhill through the soil (transfer).

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6
Q

Groundwater flow

3 marks

A

Water moving slowly through the soil and porous rocks to move back towards the sea (transfer).

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7
Q

Percolation

3 marks

A

Water moving from the soil into the spaces (pores) in the rocks (transfer).

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8
Q

Evaporation

2 marks

A

The process in which a liquid changes state and turns into a gas.

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9
Q

Condensation

2 marks

A

A change of state in which a gas becomes a liquid by cooling.

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10
Q

Water Cycle

2 marks

A

The system where water is constantly moving above, on or below the Earth’s surface + is changing state.

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11
Q

Depth

4 marks

A

The measurement of the height of water in the river (typically in cm). Usually the depth will increase as the river moves from the Source to the Mouth.

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12
Q

Drainage Basin

2 marks

A

The area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.

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13
Q

Erosion

3 marks

A

Takes place when parts of the River Bank or River Bed are worn away and removed from the landscape.

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14
Q

Gradient

3 marks

A

The angle of the land, as the river flows towards the Mouth, it will become less steep and therefore the land will be flatter.

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15
Q

Interception

3 marks

A

When water is absorbed and collected by vegetation (store).

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16
Q

Lateral Erosion

2 marks

A

The wearing away of the landscape when a river erodes sideways.

17
Q

Load

1 mark

A

Eroded material carried along by the water in a river.

18
Q

Mouth

1 mark

A

The place where a river meets the sea.

19
Q

River Discharge

3 marks

A

The amount of water that passes a point in a river at a particular time (output).

20
Q

Sediment

2 marks

A

Small fragments of rock and soil that form layers.

21
Q

Source

1 mark

A

Where the drops of water come together to start a river.

22
Q

Surface Storage

2 marks

A

Total Volume of water held on the Earth’s Surface (store).

23
Q

Tributary

2 marks

A

A small river or stream that flows into a larger river/stream.

24
Q

Vertical Erosion

3 marks

A

When the land is eroded or worn away in a downwards direction.

eg - a river that is high up will erode vertically because gravity pulls the water downwards.

25
Q

Waterfall

4 marks

A

A vertical cliff of water where the water flows over a layer of hard rock on top of a layer of softer rock. The softer rock is eroded away causing the cliff edge to gradually move backwards.

26
Q

Width

4 marks

A

Measurement of the distance from one River Bank to another (typically measured in m).

Usually the width will increase as the river moves from the source to the mouth.

27
Q

Catchment Area

1 mark

A

Area within the Drainage Basin.

28
Q

Watershed

2 marks

A

Edge of highland surrounding a Drainage Basin which marks the boundary between 2 Drainage Basins.

29
Q

Confluence

1 mark

A

Point at which 2 rivers or streams join.

30
Q

Channel

1 mark

A

The path in which a stream follows.

31
Q

Long Profile

2 marks

A

A section of the course of a river drawn from Source to Mouth.

32
Q

Cross Profiles

2 marks

A

Cross sections across the River Valley, cutting the valley at right angles.

CCEA GCSE Geography (2 decks)

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