UNDERSTANDING OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Flashcards
- Means by which the information accumulated and processed in financial accounting.
- Periodically communicated to the users.
- The end product (main output) of the financial accounting process.
Financial statements
What are the
COMPONENTS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS?(6)
1) Statement of Financial position (balance sheet)
2) Income statement
3) Statement of comprehensive income (statement of recognized gains and losses)
4) Statement of changes in equity
5) Statement of cash flows
6) Notes, comprising a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes
What is the PURPOSE OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS?
“to provide information about the financial position, performance and
cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions.”
Financial statements also show the results of the management’s stewardship of the resources entrusted to it. To meet the objective, financial statements provide information about an entity’s: (8)
1) Assets
2) Liabilities
3) Equity
4) Income and expenses, including gains and losses
7) Contributions by and distributions to owners in their capacity as owners
8) Cash flows
Financial statements shall be presented at least __________.
Annually
When an entity’s end of reporting period changes and
financial statements are presented for a period longer or shorter than one year, an entity shall disclose, in
addition to the period covered by the financial statements: (2)
1) Reason for using a longer or shorter period
2) Fact that amounts presented in the financial statements are not entirely comparable
A formal statement showing the three elements, namely assets, liabilities and
equity.
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (balance sheet)
Investors, creditors and other statement users analyze the __________ to evaluate such
factors as liquidity, solvency, financial structure and capacity for adaptation
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (balance sheet)
resources controlled by the entity as a result of past transactions and events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity.
ASSETS
What are the Classifications of assets?(2)
- Current Assets
- Non-current assets
Paragraph 66 of revised PAS 1 provides that an entity shall classify an asset as current when:
a) Asset is cash or cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period
b) The entity holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading
c) The entity expects to realize the asset within twelve months after the reporting period
d) The entity expects to realize the asset or intends to sell or consume it within the entity’s normal operating cycle
An entity shall classify all other assets not classified as current as non-current. Included in the noncurrent assets are the following:
1) Property plant and equipment (fixed assets)
2) Long-term investments
3) Intangible assets
4) Other noncurrent assets
PAS 1 provides that “when an entity presents current and noncurrent assets as separate classification on the face of the
statement of financial position, __________”
it shall NOT classify deferred tax assets as current assets
present obligations of an entity arising from past transactions or events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits.
LIABILITIES
[TRUE OR FALSE] It is not necessary that the entity liable must be identified.
FALSE. The liability is the present obligation of a particular entity – the entity liable must be identified. It is not necessary
that the payee or the entity to whom the obligation is owed be identified
[TRUE OR FALSE] Liability arise from past transaction or event – liability is not recognized until it is incurred
TRUE
What are the classifications of liabilities?
- Current liabilities
- Non-current liabilities
Under PAS 1, as a minimum, the face of the statement of financial position shall include the following line items for current liabilities:
(5)
- Trade and other payables
- Current provisions
- Short-term borrowings
- Current portion of long term debt
- Current tax liability
Obligations which exist at the end of the reporting period although their amount is not definite.
Estimated liabilities
A possible obligation that arises from past event and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the entity.
Contingent liability
A present obligation that arises from past event but is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation or the amount of the obligation cannot be measured reliably.
Contingent liability
Future event is likely to happen
Probable Contingent liability