Understanding Matter Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Properties of Matter
- Made up of small particles which are in constant motion
- Every particle of matter has the same properties
- There are gaps between the particles of matter
- Particles of matter are held together by a chemical bond
Pure Substance
A substance that has a definite and constant composition
What happens when a substance changes state?
The spacing between the particles of the substance is changing due to a gain or loss of energy
Give an example of a pure substance
Salt / Sugar
Pure substances can be classified as…
elements or compunds
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical or physical means
Compound
A substance that is made up of two or more elements combined together chemically in a specific ratio
Mixture
A physical combination of pure substances that has no definite or constant composition
Heterogenous Mixture
Mixture in which the composition of the solute is not uniform throughout the mixture
Homogenous Mixture
Mixture in which the composition of the solute is uniform throughout the mixture
Give an example of a HOMOGENOUS mixture
Saltwater / Coffee and Milk / Air
Give an example of a HETEROGENOUS mixture
Oil and Water / Sugar and Sand
Suspension
Cloudy and heterogenous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended within
Solute
Substance which is dissolved
Solvent
Substance in which solute is dissolved
Miscibility
The complete dissolution of one liquid in another
Solubility
The ability to dissolve
Solution
Homogenous mixture of two or more substances
Colloid
A type of mixture intermediate between a homogenous mixture and a heterogenous mixture with properties also intermediate between the two
How can colloids be distinguished from solutions?
Using the Tyndall effect
7 Properties of METALS
- Have a metallic luster
- Generally solids at room temp
- Malleable and Ductile
- Conduct heat and electricity
- Exist as extended planes of atoms
- Combine with other metals to form alloys which have metallic characteristics
- Form positive ions
7 Properties of NON METALS
- Rarely have a metallic luster
- Generally gases at room temp
- Neither malleable nor ductile
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity
- Usually exist as molecules in their elemental form
- Combine with other non metals to form covalent bonds
- Form negative ions
3 Properties of METALLOIDS
- Appear lustrous
- Neither malleable nor ductile
- Poorer conductor of heat and electricity than metals
Which 8 elements are METALLOIDS?
Boron (B)
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (Ge)
Arsenic (As)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium (Te)
Polonium (Po)
Astatine (At)
Where are metalloids useful?
Semiconductors, electronics
