Understanding inequalities I and II Flashcards
What is the biomedical model of health and illness?
- locates cause of disease in the individual
- focus on genetics and clinical risk factors
- highlights risk behaviours and individual behavioural changes
What is the social model of health and illness?
- locates cause of disease in the relationship between individual and society
- health is a social construct
- focus on social structures and risk factors
- highlights social change
- illness cannot be understood by focusing on an individuals biological process alone
What evidence suggests we don’t all have an equal chance at life?
- child in Sierra Leone has LE of 53 years, child in japan has LE of 84.2 years
- 2 doctors per 100,000 in Sierra Leone vs 2 per 1,000 in Japan
- much higher maternal death rate
- v high levels of poverty vs v low levels of poverty
- varying GDP across the world
What are the 7 UN indicators of poverty and deprivation?
- Dirty water
- Lack of sanitation
- Lack of shelter
- Poor nutrition and insufficient calories
- Lack of essential medical and maternity care
- No access to education
- Information deprivation
What is absolute poverty?
Condition where household income is insufficient to afford basic necessities of life:
-food
-shelter
-clothing
If a person is living in conditions that meet at least 2 of the UN indicators
How is the life expectancy in the UK changing?
- been progressing until recently
- steady upward trend has been halted
What is relative poverty?
Condition where household income is a certain percentage below median income for that country
What is relative poverty in the EU defined as?
having a household income <60% of the national median
What is the index of multiple deprivation (IMD)?
7 domains of deprivation:
- income
- employment
- education
- health
- crime
- barriers to housing & services
- living environment
Give an example of how health inequalities start from birth in the UK?
- boy born to a family in most deprived area in Blackpool has LE of 67 years
- boy born to a family in least deprived area in Hart has LE of 89 years
What is meant by human agency?
- Human agency is the capacity for human beings to make choices and to impose those choices on the world
- act independently
- expression of individual power
What is society composed of?
- organised set of institutions
- patterns of relationships
What factors form social structure?
- economy
- education
- law
- wealth
- media
- social networks
- family
- politics
- religion
- power
What is the precariat?
The poorest and most deprived class group
What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and health?
Directly proportional
