Understanding Human Behavior

Question 1

List 3 factors that influence personality development

Answer 1

Events early in life, bio & psychological factors

Question 2

Explain the importance of having good self-esteem

Answer 2

Self-esteem deals with the feelings of self-worth. Good self-esteem permits people to fulfill their potential.

Question 3

List 5 health problems caused by anxiety or stress.

Answer 3

• Ulcers
• Hypertension
• Heart Disease
• Headaches
• Backache

Question 4

List the 5 stages of grief and briefly describe each in the first person.

Answer 4

Denial: “This can’t be happening to me.”
Anger: “I’m a good person; why is this happening to me?”
Bargaining: “Just let me live until the baby is born.”
Depression: “I really am going to die, and there is nothing I can do about it.”
Acceptance: “I have made my peace, and I am ready to go.”

Question 5

List and briefly define the 3 parts that make up a person’s personality according to Freud.

Answer 5

Id = basic unconscious bio drives i.e. Food, sleep. 
Ego = aware of reality & consequences of behavior. 
Superego = moral compass

Question 6

Birth to 3 months

Answer 6

Physical (Sensory & Motor)

• Front fontanels [soft spots] will close
• Fist to mouth
• Opens & closes hand
• Raises head & chest

Mental (Cognitive)

• Reacts to sound, motion, & light
• Reacts to caregiver’s voice
• Hands & eyes coordinate
• Imitates some sounds

Psychosocial (Emotional & Social)

• Coos when happy
• Smiles @ 6 weeks
• Cries when tired & uncomfortable

Question 7

4 - 7 months

Answer 7

Physical

• Nose-breaths - Permanent eye color
• RR: 60 - Doubles birth weight
• Teeth erupt - Grasps objects
• Good hand/eye coordination
• Relies on vision to explore environment

Mental
- Explores by banging, dropping, & throwing

Psychosocial

• Imitates inflections of voices
• Shows anger [tantrums]
• Self-entertaining [plays with hands & feet]

Question 8

8 - 12 months

Answer 8

Physical

• Crawls
• Stands upright
• Increased interest in exploration
• Able to grasp with thumb & forefinger

Mental

• Shakes head “no”
• Waves “bye-bye”
• Begins to equate sound with action (running water to bathe)

Psychological

• Smiles @ self in mirror
• Does not like confinement
• Buries head in caregiver’s shoulder [acts shy]

Question 9

13 - 18 months

Answer 9

Physical

• Coordination improves - Stacks objects
• Feeds self
• Points with index finger
• Walks w/o support

Mental

• Knows names & can point to body parts
• recognizes picture book upside down

Psychological

• Has not grasped warnings, but knows praise
• Tantrums more frequent
• Self-loving
• Has separation anxiety

Question 10

19 - 23 months

Answer 10

Physical

• Runs & climbs - Can kick a ball
• Bladder & bowel control
• Drinks from a cup - Draws circles

Mental
- Voices frustration

Psychosocial

• Sharing is not a concept
• Feelings are apparent
• Gives hugs & kisses

Question 11

24 - 36 months

Answer 11

Physical

• Can hop
• Toilet training concluded

Mental

• Sentences & vocabulary improves
• Grasps categories of animals [i.e cats & dogs]

Psychosocial

• Likes to help
• Can play alone
• Says “no” more often