UNDERSTANDING HEALTH AND WELLBEING Flashcards
HEALTH STATUS
an ind. or pop. overall health taking into account various aspects such as life exp. , amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors
LIFE EXPECTANCY-
an indication of how long a person is expected to live. it is the number of years remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
IF 2 MARKS
- the most commonly used measure is at birth
MORTALITY RATE-
the number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or environmental factor.
IMPORTANT NOTE
- in a 12 month period , usually expressed per 1000 or 100,000 ppl/ pop.
INFANT MORALITY RATE (IMR)
the rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births
UNDER 5 MORTALITY RATE (U5MR)
the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (MMR)
the number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy, child birth or associated treatment. per 100,000 women who give birth (or 100,000 live births)
LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH AUS
1 - 14 YEARS
perinatal and congenital conditions= conditions= present @ birth
- low birth weight= baby born under 2.5kg
- Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)= occur when child. = exposed to alcohol before birth
- neural tube defects= cond. characterised by damage to brain/ spine / nerve tissue of spinal cord during prenatal development eg. spina bilfida
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)=unexplained death, usually when sleeping, seems like a healthy baby. AKA crib death bc often past away in their cribs.
CARDIOVASULAR DISEASE
all diseases of the heart and blood vessels. caused by reduced blood supply to heart/ brains/ legs
- atherosclerosis= build up of plaque on blood vessels / harder for blood to get through
- coronary heart disease (ischemic disease)= when blood vessels feeding to heart = damaged/ blocked. Heart attack occurs if one of the blood vessels become completely blocked.
- cerebrovascular= blood vessels feeding to the brain w 02 damaged/ blocked. stroke occurs if 1 blood becomes completely blocked.
- hypertension/ high blood pressure= blood = pumped through arties @ harder + faster rate that is considered normal/ healthy
CANCER-
UNCONTROLLED AND ADNORMAL CELL GROWTH
- lung cancer= uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lungs = eventually prevent healthy cells from transferring 02 to blood cells
- colorectal cancer- incontrollable growth of abnormal in colon (lrg intestine/ bowel) and rectum. begins as non- cancerous polps in the lining of the colon and develop into cancer if not removed.
NEURALOGICAL CONDITIONS-
Dementia- collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain.
leads to Alzheimer’s
progressive/ irreversible loss of brain function, deteriorates, dementia interferes w normal beh. - thinking/ memory / language/ speech/attention/personality/ ability to perform everyday tasks- social life/ working
as brain cells die, dementia will lead to complete dependency on other ppl and ultimately death.
INFECTIOUS/ COMMUNICABLE DISEASES-
caused by infectious agents such as bacteria/ parasites/ can be passed from 1 person or animal
transmission-
directly = through contact w bodily discharge eg. HIV/AIDS
indirectly= such as sharing a drink glass- spreading COVID or influenza
by means of vectors= such as mosquitoes spreading malaria
can be prevented by vaccines eg. measles / whooping cough
MORBIDITY
refers to ill- health in an ind. and the levels of ill-health in pop. or group
MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS-
disturbances of mood or thought that can affect behaviour and cause distress to ind. they inc. anxiety disorders and depression
OSTEOARTRITSIS-
the degradation of joints and cartilage, causing stiffness, inflammation, pain and locking. mainly due to cartilage wear over the years.
OSTEOPORSIS-
porous bones; bone density thins and weakens, results in an increased risk of fracture/ breakage
