Understanding Globalization Flashcards
Definition according to Robertson (1992)
Refers to both the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole.
Definition according to Giddens
Refers to the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.
Definition according to Sunny Levin Institute
Process of interaction and integration among people, companies, government of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technologies.
Definition according to Grupo de Lisboa
Internationalization and multi-nationalization are phases that precede globalization because the latter herald the end of the state system as the nucleus of human activity
Looking at something in different concepts resulting into different perspectives and ideas
Elephant Model
The history of globalization is driven by technology, transportation, and
international cooperation
According to PIIE (2019)
”Since its earliest appearance in the 1960s, the term
‘globalization’ has been used in both popular and academic literature to describe a process, a condition, a system, a force and an age. Given that these competing labels have very different meanings, their indiscriminate usage is often obscure and invites confusion.”; “expansion and intensification of social relations and
consciousness across the world time and across world space”
According to Steger
Relates to the way people perceive time and space
Objective and Subjective
Must be differentiated by an ideology called GLOBALISM
Belief
The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange [which] has increased
the production of goods and services [and] has been taking place for hundreds of years, but has speeded up enormously over the last half- century
British Broadcasting Corporation
The result of powerful governments, especially that of the United States,
pushing trade deals and other accords down the throats of the world’s people to make it easier for corporations and the wealthy to dominate the economies of nations around the world without having obligations to the peoples of those nations
Robert McChesney
In a world that tends to economic and cultural globalization, every effort must be made to ensure that growth and development are put at the service of all and not just limited parts of the populatio Alongside the globalization of the markets there must also be a corresponding globalization of solidarity; together with economic growth there must be a greater respect for creation; alongside the rights of individuals, there must be the guaranteed rights of those who are a bridge between the individual and the state, the family being the first and foremost of such institution
Pope Francis
An immense global opportunity, for each and every continent, because it forces
us to act together with others. The alternative to globalization would be shutting ourselves off from others, but this is not a viable alternative. It would lead only to isolation and therefore misery
Angela Merkel
It is a social condition characterized by tight, economic, political, cultural and environmental interconnections and flows, making currently existing borders and boundaries irrelevant
Globality
A concept referring to the people’s growing consciousness of belonging to a global community; destabilizes and unsettles the conventional parameters of understanding within which people imagine their communal existence
Global Imagery
The creation of products, services, communications for the global market that are adaptable to local cultures (Jankowski, 2019)
Glocalization
The term glocalization was based from a Japanese word called ______ which means _______
dochakuka, adapting farming techniques to one’s own local condition
T or F: Products should be suited to local taste and interests but should be global in application and reach (Mukhopadhyay, 2021)
True
An umbrella concept encompassing a wide variety of transformative processes, practices and developments that take place simultaneously at a local and global level
Transnationalism
Broadly as the multiple ties and
interactions, economic, political, social and cultural that link people, communities and institutions across the borders of nation-states
Transnational processes and practices
More intense due to speed and relatively inexpensive character of travel and communications and their impacts
Transnational links
Facilitated by liberalization or the abolition of tax on imported goods Liberation - process or policy of removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free trade between nations
Free movement of goods or products
Implemented through deregulation or
the lifting of strict banking and financial regulations aimed at encouraging
investors to invest more and retain their ability to pull out their investments at any time with ease. Deregulation- loosening or lifting of government regulations — usually to favor private corporations’ flexibility or operations and profitability
Free movement of capital or investment
Achieved through the loosening or abolition of visa restrictions and barriers to migration
Free movement of persons
The increasing presence of fast-food business model in common social institutions is called ______
McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer, 1993)
It is when a society adopts the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant
McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer, 1993)
The principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of recent idea about the worldwide homogenization of cultures due to globalization
McDonaldization of Society (Ritzer, 1993)
Dimension of McDonaldization: It is the optimum method for getting from one point to another
Efficiency
Dimension of McDonaldization: Emphasis on the quantitative aspects of products sold and services offered
Calculability
Dimension of McDonaldization: Assurance that products and services will be the same over time and in all locales
Predictability
Dimension of McDonaldization: Refers to nonhuman technology that comes to exert control over human workers and customers
Control
It involves the growing interdependency among the economies of the world; multinational nature of sourcing, manufacturing, trading, and investment activities; increasing frequency of cross-border, transactions and financing; and heightened intensity of competition (Cavisgil, 1993)
Globalization of markets
Operates in a number of countries, and adjusts its products and practices in each—at high relative costs
Multinational corporation
Operates with resolute constancy—at low relative cost—as if the entire world (or major regions of it) were a single entity; it sells the same things in the same way everywhere
Global corporation
Multidimensional set of social processes that generate and increase “worldwide social interdependencies and exchanges while at the same time fostering in people a growing awareness of deepening connections between the local and the distant”
Globalization as a process
Scholte’s transplanetary connectivity
(establishment of social links between people located at different places of the
planet – not geographic unit but as a space) and supra-territoriality (social
connections that transcend territorial geography – renders borders and barriers irrelevant)
Globalization as a condition
Exist in the people’s consciousness – ideas and beliefs about the global order
Globalization as an ideology
What are the 6 Core Claims of Globalization?
- Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets
- Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
- Nobody is in charge of globalization
- Globalization benefits everyone in the long run
- Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world
- Globalization requires a global war on terror
Type of Globalization that refers to the diplomatic negotiations between nation-states
Political Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the integration of our societies and the idea that we now live in a shared society
Social Globalization or Sociological Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the ways corporations do business as multinational organizations which can help developing nations increase overall employment but can be considered exploitation of nations with poor working conditions
Economic Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the spread of technology around the world
Technological Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the ease at which money can be spread around the world
Financial Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the spread and mixing of cultures around the world
Cultural Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the idea that the world needs to be considered one interconnected ecosystem
Ecological Globalization
Type of Globalization that refers to the idea that the world is no longer seen as groups of distinct nations as much as it once was
Geographical Globalization
It is the global movement of people
Ethnoscapes
Circulation of mechanical goods and software
Technoscapes
Global circulation of money
Financescapes
Flow of culture
Mediascapes
Realm where political ideas move around
Ideoscapes
