Understanding garden features Flashcards

1
Q

Define hazard

A

Source of potential danger or adverse health

E.g. Pond, overhanging cables, steps, decking, underground services.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define risk

A

The chance that someone may be harmed by hazards. Usually high medium or low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Potential restrictions to work sites

A
Financial
Access for equipment and materials
Topography - slopes
Boundary - privacy etc
Timelines - school holidays, family occasions 
Planning regs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does a basic garden survey consist of?

A
Identifying :
hazards and risks
Potential restrictions
Existing features to be retained
Overhead and underground services 
Carry out a basic linear survey
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe how to carry out a linear survey.

A

Identify a baseline (usually House)
Make running measurements along the line showing positions of windows and doors.
Can use offset measurements for any simple perpendicular features close by.
For many sided or irregular plots use triangulation.
Measure 2 distances from 2 different places (corners of house). This will give you the radius of an arc. When arcs are drawn your feature will be where the arcs intersect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What needs to be incorporated/measured and drawn in a basic survey?

A

Outline of house and its main features
Outline of plot and position of house within it
Outline of hard and soft features
Contours of plot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is recorded in a site appraisal

A

Soil type - depth, texture, structure, drainage, pH
Aspect and exposure
Microclimate - frost pockets, shade, sun traps, wind tunnels
Views - eyesores, style of house

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basic principles of garden design

A
Unity/cohesion
Balance
Form
Scale/proportion
Movement/direction,
Rhythm
Repetition
Simplicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Methods to achieve harmony

A

Taking into consideration the style of the house and use hard landscaping materials that match.
Use the same hedging/fencing all around the house
Use focal points to draw the eye and lead you to new areas
Use repeating geometric shapes
Use repeat planting, or repeat colours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Points to bear in mind in relation to proportion

A

Ultimate size of trees and shrubs
Lots of small features can appear fussy and busy
Paths wide enough for two or for wheelbarrow
Create illusions - narrowing paths, mirrors etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is meant by the term symmetry and asymmetry?

A

Symmetrical gardens are formal with one or two lines of symmetry running through them making each half or quarter a mirror image of itself.
Asymmetry can be formal or informal. Shaped planes are not symmetrical but are juxtaposed and overlapped to create interesting sub shapes. Use of curves and flowing lines and free forms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can colour be used in design?

A

Colour can be used to provide unity / theme, adjust mood and play visual tricks

Reflected in hard and soft landscaping
Use not just flowers but foliage colour
especially evergreens for all year round interest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are focal points used in design?

A
E.g. Sculpture 
Draw the eye
Add interest and encourage exploration
Distract 
Give false perspective
Provide a theme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe formal garden features and give examples

A
Symmetrical 
Knot garden 
Landscape garden - lawns woods and pieces of architecture 
Walls of hedges, fountains, statues
Topiary 
Water features
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe informal garden characteristics and give examples

A
Curved flowing lines 
Asymmetrical layout 
Winding paths
Informal or no hedging
Profusion of plant 
Wildflower meadows 
Wildlife ponds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Characteristics of knot gardens

A

Formal garden planted with intricate, intertwined hedges trimmed to a design
Such as Celtic knots interplanted with colour/seasonal bedding
Symmetrical.
Statuary
Topiary

17
Q

Characteristics of a landscaped garden

A
Borrowed views 
serpentine lakes
Palladian bridges 
Ha has 
Temples 
Follies 
Grottos 
Hermitages
Chinese bridges and pagodas
18
Q

Characteristics of a cottage garden

A
Annuals 
Easy perennials 
Vegetables
Gravel paths
Picket fence
Brick edging
19
Q

Give examples of horizontal hard landscaping materials

A
For paths steps patios and decking
Concrete - in situ
and slabs to look like paving. Can be used for geometric design 
also can get it imprinted with patterns
 (cheap, not sustainable, can crack) 
Paving - flags, blocks, brick
Wood - sleepers, log sections, bark, decking planks
Gravel
Man made decking
20
Q

Give examples of vertical hard landscaping materials

A
Walls, fences, screens, pergolas, furniture, statuary, 
Wood - soft and hard fences 
Brick 
Plastic
Concrete
Metal 
Glass fibre
21
Q

Types of rock garden

A
Scree gardens 
Dry stone walls
Raised beds
Tupha
Troughs/sinks

Reconstituted stone troughs
Hypertupha
Limestone
Sandstone

22
Q

Types of water features and what they can be made of

A

Ponds
Canals
Fountains

Puddled clay
Butyl liner
Drilled stones
Metal
Glass
23
Q

Hard wearing utility lawn - grass types

A

Must include lolium perenne and others from:

  • Festuca rubra rubra
  • Poa pratensis
  • Agrostis capillaris
24
Q

High quality luxury lawn - grass types

A

Must include Agrostis capillaris AND Festuca rubra subsp. commutata,

25
Q

Shady lawn - grass types

A

Must include Festuca rubra rubra and others from

  • Poa nemoralis
  • Poa trivialis
  • Lolium perenne.
26
Q

5 evergreen trees

A

Taxus baccata
Ilex aquifolium
Cryptomeria japonica ‘spiralis’
Magnolia grandiflora

27
Q

Deciduous trees

A
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii
Acer palmatum
Fagus sylvatica 
Prunus serrula  
Carpinus betulas
28
Q

Hedging/ screening
4 Evergreen
2 Deciduous

A

Taxus baccata
Ilex aquifolium
Buxus sempervirens
X Cuprocyparis leylandii

Fagus sylvatica
Carpinus betulus

29
Q

Eight deciduous shrubs

A
Buddleja davidii 
Cornus alba 
Cotinus ‘Flame’  
Fuchsia magellenica 
Hamamelis mollis 
Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Altonia’ 
Rhus typhina
30
Q

Eight evergreen shrubs

A
Buxus sempervirens 
Camelia japonica 
Hypericum 'hidcote'
Lupinus arboreus
Mahonia intermedia 'charity'
Rhododendron 'blue danube'
Rosmarinus officianalis 
Skimmia japonica
31
Q

Nine herbaceous perennials

A
Achillea 'moonshine'
Agapanthus africanus 
Ajuga reptans 
Alchemilla mollis 
Geum 'Mrs Bradshaw'
Hosta 'snowden'
Papaver orientalis
Salvia x superba 
Sedum spectabile
32
Q

3 plants grown as biennials

A

Digitalis purpurea
Myosotis sylvatica
Erysimum cheiri

33
Q

Five hardy plants grown as annuals

A

Calendula officianalis

Ammi majus ‘graceland’

Nigella damascena ‘Miss Jekyll’

Papaver rhoeas

Viola x wittrockiana

34
Q

Seven half hardy grown as annuals

A
Cosmos bipinatus 'purity'
Petunia 
Begonia 
Impatiens walleriana 
Lobelia pendula 
Fuchsia 'Thalia' 
Canna indica
35
Q

Patio or basket plants

A

Lobelia
Alyssum ‘snowdrift’
Begonia
Impatiens walleriana

36
Q

Five bulbs corms tubers for winter/spring

Five for summer/autumn

A
Tulipa 'Queen of Night'
Narcissus Tete a Tete 
Crocus chrysanthus
Cyclamen hederifolium
Hyacinthoides non scripta 
Agapanthus africanus 
Dahlia 'Bishop of Llandaff' 
Allium giganteum
Ajuga reptans 
Cyclamen hederifolium 
Zantedeschia Starry Night