Understanding Crime Data Flashcards
what is a correlate
a phenomenon that accompanies another phenomenon and is related in some way to it
what are examples of correlates
- age
- gender
- race/ethnicity
- socioeconomic status
- drug and alcohol use
- previous criminal record
how is the study of criminology connected to race and crime
its a long tradition in criminology to study the relationship between race and crime
- it is often rooted in racist assumptions about biological differences
what are examples of relationships between race and crime
domestic violence in lower income neighborhood, its not because of their race
what is the Differential Treatment hypothesis
when there is structural inequality in the administration of justice it results in overrepresentation of minority groups in the criminal justice system
what is the Differential Offending hypothesis
the higher rates of criminal behavior amongst minority groups results in overrepresentation of minority groups in the criminal justice system
what is the strongest predictor in criminal behavior
Gender
What is seen in the criminal behavior men exhibit
higher prevalence and frequency of offending
why are men at higher risk of engaging in Crime
they are socialized to prioritize dominance and aggression
Also the social views of manhood are connected with power, control, and violence
what are Performances of Masculinity
Tools to claim power for men that have limited access to economic / social / political power
by how much has women in federal custody increased between 2005-15, and how many of them are indigenous women
in number increased by 50% and 1/3 are indigenous women
what does remand mean
Awaiting decision about your criminal case
What is role convergence hypothesis
increase in convergence in Gender roles, which leads to female offending
what is the alternative hypothesis
decrease in male offending
changes in police practices
feminization of poverty
What is the Victimization Criminalization Continuum
contextualizes women’s criminal behavior within their personal experience with violence and victimization
why do young people commit more crimes
- Psychological development as a period of transition
- adults have more incentives to commit to societies rules
- Physical limitations in older age
how is socioeconomic status related with crime
there is a correlation between the two
- high unemployment rates lead to higher rates and severity of crime
- crimes are based on socioeconomic status
what is the relationship with drug/alcohol abuse and crime
they are both correlated
what are the 4 factors linked with substance abuse and crime
- efforts to support addiction can lead to involvement in crimes
- crimes done under the influence of drugs/alcohol
- the possession and sale of illegal drugs
- purchasing and selling illegal drugs
What are the 3 clusters of Spatial location
-the territories
- the prairies
- Quebec, Ontario, Eastern provinces.
that area have higher violent crime rates
Rural areas
what is Collective efficacy
social bond between neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
what are ways to decline crime
young criminal behavior declines when families move to wealthier neighborhoods
changing neighborhoods and routines after incarceration reduces the changes on reoffending
