Understanding Crime Data

Question 1

what is a correlate

Answer 1

a phenomenon that accompanies another phenomenon and is related in some way to it

Question 2

what are examples of correlates

Answer 2

• age
• gender
• race/ethnicity
• socioeconomic status
• drug and alcohol use
• previous criminal record

Question 3

how is the study of criminology connected to race and crime

Answer 3

its a long tradition in criminology to study the relationship between race and crime

• it is often rooted in racist assumptions about biological differences

Question 4

what are examples of relationships between race and crime

Answer 4

domestic violence in lower income neighborhood, its not because of their race

Question 5

what is the Differential Treatment hypothesis

Answer 5

when there is structural inequality in the administration of justice it results in overrepresentation of minority groups in the criminal justice system

Question 6

what is the Differential Offending hypothesis

Answer 6

the higher rates of criminal behavior amongst minority groups results in overrepresentation of minority groups in the criminal justice system

Question 7

what is the strongest predictor in criminal behavior

Answer 7

Gender

Question 8

What is seen in the criminal behavior men exhibit

Answer 8

higher prevalence and frequency of offending

Question 9

why are men at higher risk of engaging in Crime

Answer 9

they are socialized to prioritize dominance and aggression

Also the social views of manhood are connected with power, control, and violence

Question 10

what are Performances of Masculinity

Answer 10

Tools to claim power for men that have limited access to economic / social / political power

Question 11

by how much has women in federal custody increased between 2005-15, and how many of them are indigenous women

Answer 11

in number increased by 50% and 1/3 are indigenous women

Question 12

what does remand mean

Answer 12

Awaiting decision about your criminal case

Question 13

What is role convergence hypothesis

Answer 13

increase in convergence in Gender roles, which leads to female offending

Question 14

what is the alternative hypothesis

Answer 14

decrease in male offending
changes in police practices
feminization of poverty

Question 15

What is the Victimization Criminalization Continuum

Answer 15

contextualizes women’s criminal behavior within their personal experience with violence and victimization

Question 16

why do young people commit more crimes

Answer 16

• Psychological development as a period of transition
• adults have more incentives to commit to societies rules
• Physical limitations in older age

Question 17

how is socioeconomic status related with crime

Answer 17

there is a correlation between the two
- high unemployment rates lead to higher rates and severity of crime
- crimes are based on socioeconomic status

Question 18

what is the relationship with drug/alcohol abuse and crime

Answer 18

they are both correlated

Question 19

what are the 4 factors linked with substance abuse and crime

Answer 19

1. efforts to support addiction can lead to involvement in crimes
2. crimes done under the influence of drugs/alcohol
3. the possession and sale of illegal drugs
4. purchasing and selling illegal drugs

Question 20

What are the 3 clusters of Spatial location

Answer 20

-the territories
- the prairies
- Quebec, Ontario, Eastern provinces.

Question 21

that area have higher violent crime rates

Answer 21

Rural areas

Question 22

what is Collective efficacy

Answer 22

social bond between neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good

Question 23

what are ways to decline crime

Answer 23

young criminal behavior declines when families move to wealthier neighborhoods

changing neighborhoods and routines after incarceration reduces the changes on reoffending