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Wace Chemistry > Understanding Acid - Base Properties > Flashcards

Understanding Acid - Base Properties Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the size of Ka gives indication of?

A

The tendency of the reaction to form products or remain as reactants

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2
Q

What does a large Ka value mean

A

Greater tendency for acid to donate a proton to water
Stronger acid
Greater degree of ionisation

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3
Q

Which acid would produce the most vigorous reaction

A

Acid with the higher H+ concentration, give faster rate of reaction

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4
Q

What is the acidity constant (Ka)

A

Equilibrium constant for reaction occurring in water

Indicator if acid strength

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5
Q

If Ka is large that means the Conjugate base is?

A

Extremely weak

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6
Q

If Ka is small that means the Conjugate base is

A

Stinger base as the acid is progressively weaker

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7
Q

Sting base + sting Acid =

A

Neutral salt

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8
Q

Weak base + strong acid =

A

Acidic salt

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9
Q

Weak acid + strong base =

A

Basic salt

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10
Q

Weak base + weak acid =

A

Neutral salt

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11
Q

What is auto ionisation

A

Ions produced in equal numbers by a reversible reaction

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12
Q

Solution is said to be neutral when

A

Water or any solution where H+ and OH- have same conc

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13
Q

What dies adding acid to water do?

A

Increase H+ conc and lowers OH- conc

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14
Q

What is Kw

A

Equilibrium constant for the ionisation if water

1.0 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees

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15
Q

What does Kw confirm that H and OH are

A

Inverely related
Increase in H, decreases OH
Increasing H by 3x, Decreases OH by 3x

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16
Q

Extremely small value (1x10^-14) of Kw means there’s a strong tendency of?

A

Water to remain in the unionised molecular form (h20) not (h and OH)

17
Q

Kw is constant value but changes witg

A

Temp

Autoionisation of water is endothermic and by LCP higher temp will favour the formation of products

18
Q

When Kw changes with temp it means that the conc of

A

H and OH with increase as temp increases

19
Q

1 unit difference in pH represents

A

A 10x difference in conc of H+ (2 unit difference in pH corresponds to a 10× difference in [H]

20
Q

What is a buffer

A

A solution that has the ability to resist pH change when either an acid or base is added

21
Q

Why do buffer solutions work

A

Because the weak acid and base can co exist without neutralizing one another, yet can still react to neutralise any strong acid/base added

22
Q

Adding bases imposes an increase of [OH] ion. What are the following things that occur

A

Extra OH from base will neutralise some of the h30 present in buffer solution causing conc to initially fall

Falling h30 cause equilibrium to shift right replacing most of the lost h30 and preventing its conc from falling significantly

By behaving this way, buffer solution can maintain a fairly constant pH despite imposes Change

23
Q

Adding acid to a buffer solution causes the [h30] to increase. What are the following events

A

The imposed change cause the equilibrium to shift left
Most added h30 is consumed
Prevent [h30] from rising significantly
Buffer maintains fairly constant pH

24
Q

What is a buffer capacity

A

Ability of a buffer solution to neutralise excess acid or base without appreciable change to its pH

25
Q

2 things For buffer solution to be more effective

A

High conc of both weak acid and base
- ensures nether will be depleted or reduced on addition of either OH or H

Similar concentrations

26
Q

What pH is blood maintained at

A

7.4 +/- .05

27
Q

What pH is blood maintained at

A

7.4 +/- .05

28
Q

If blood pH falls outside range it can effect

A

Operation of cell membranes
Alter protein structure
Prevent enzymes from functioning correctly

29
Q

Blood maintains pH range with aid of what acid/ion and what are their concentrations

A 
Carbonic acid (weak acid) [0.0254]
Hydrogencarbonate ion (weak cb)[0.0012]
30
Q

If excess H is present in blood its eliminated as the equilibrium shifts

A

Left

31
Q

If h30 fall too low, equilibrium shifts

A

Right to produce more h30

32
Q

What 2 organs help maintain blood capacity

A

Lungs and kidney

33
Q

Whats does an increased rate of consumption of sugars do in blood buffering

A

Increases cellular respiration in muscle tissue which leads to an increase in [co2] in blood

34
Q

Receptors in brain that are sensitive to increased [H] signal a ?

A

Reflex to breathe more deeply and rapidly
which means a greater Loss of co2 in lung cavity
which causes the equilibrium to shift left to PC the decreasing conc of co2 in long capillaries

Wace Chemistry (2 decks)

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