Understanding Flashcards
What is biopsychosocial psychology:
Biopsychosocial model
the understanding of medical and psychological phenomena requires attention to psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors. The idea our thoughts and actions are influenced by our perceptions of events and interactions.
In which year were McDougall’s Instincts first published
1908
- Mental processes are dominated by biological processes.
- The development of neuroscience has helped grow and develop biological psychology.
- Idea that chemical substances can affect psychological functions.
relates to what?
Biological perspectives:
Anti-psychotics: using chlorpromazine to treat hallucinations and schizoaffective disorder.
Epilepsy: a group of systems that demonstrate brain function in uncontrolled ways, bromide was the first epileptic central drug.
are all examples of what?
Impacts of psychoactive medications
what is the Importance of Heredity in Psychology?
Twin studies: identical twins share the same genes; fraternal twins share some genes and if traits are passed through genes identical twins will resemble each other more than fraternal.
Adopted children: if a trait is inherited an adopted child should be more similar to bio parents than their adopted.
Evolutionary theory – Partner Selection is?
The Parental investment theory theorized what?
In what ways is Short-term partner selection special?
when passing genes on we need to choose someone who will produce and invest in offspring
the parent investing the most in upbringing of offspring will be more specific about mating.
DNA research into birds demonstrates that partners with males of lower status tend to mate with higher-ranked males to increase reproduction chances.
- Behaviour does not happen in a vacuum.
- Social factors have been studied since 1800’s
- Initial findings came from sociology, coined by Auguste Comte
- Investigated the individual through the process of socialisation
Given these key points, what perspective of psychology would this be?
Socio-Cultural Perspective
- provided huge foundations for our understanding of sociocultural theory in psychology.
- Believed parents caregivers peers and society were responsible for developing higher-order functions.
- Children have basic constraints on their minds.
- Each culture provides tools for cultural adaptation.
The distance between the actual development level of the learner as determined by independent problem-solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers.
which psychologist created these ideas
Vgotsky
what is observational learning?
- Learning as a result of observing and modelling another individual’s behaviours, attitudes or emotional expressions.
- Developed by Albert Bandura
- Individuals may simply learn from the behaviour rather than imitate it.
- 4 conditions necessary in any form of observing and modelling behaviour: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.
Social learning of cultural differences:
- Observational learning can help explain differences in culture.
- Can help explain why different cultures have different preferences.
- Schemes have been proposed to help understand cultural differences.
- Updated models include 6 main dimensions in which cultures differ.
The six dimensions are power distance, individual collectivism, masculinity vs feminism, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs short-term normative orientation and indulgence vs restraint.
A broad term including various psychological approaches (cognitive/behaviourism/humanistic), it agrees with the biological approach that innate knowledge and behaviours may be the starting point of mental processing. Although, it disagrees with human behaviour is through biological processing.
what perspective is this?
The Psychological perspective
Focuses on how people process store and apply information about others and social situations.
This is the process involved in perceiving how other people are and how we learn about those around us. It is also the reason we attend to certain information in how it is used to interact with others.
Schema – incorporates aspects of biological and social influences, there are: person, object, role and event schemas. These can evolve and change through assimilation.
Social Cognition
Pain:
The cognitive process of depression: irrational thoughts and maladaptive schema, rumination, and medication.
Gate control theory: the theory that nerves carry pain and must pass through a gate before entering the brain during this process the signals can become stronger or weaker.
Factors in pain modulation: pain catastrophising, pain anxiety/ fears and helplessness all can increase pain felt. Whereas, self-efficacy, coping mechanisms, openness to change and acceptance of the situation can all decrease the impact of pain.
Balancing biological, sociocultural and psychological factors:
- Behaviour doesn’t exist in a vacuum.
- All approaches add to understanding.
- Differently weighted depending on area of research and the researchers
