Understand how Extrinsic Factors can influence the risk of injury

Question 1

Name five extrinsic factors can influence the risk of injury.

Answer 1

• coaching supervision
• equipment
• safety hazards
• environmental factors
• type of activity

Question 2

Identify three aspects of coaching supervision that can influence the risk if injury

Answer 2

• importance of adhering to rules and regulations
• poor/incorrect coaching technique
• ineffective communication skills

Question 3

Give an example of how ineffective communication skills can affect the risk of injury

Answer 3

• coach is unable to explain safety points clearly (e.g. carrying a javelin) OR
• unable to demonstrate safe techniques (rugby tackle)

Question 4

Give an example of how poor/incorrect coaching techniques can affect the risk of injury.

Answer 4

• dangerous technique/ skills will be taught (e.g. two footed tackle in football)
• won’t be able to recognise and correct faults (e.g. unsafe landing in gymnastics)

Question 5

Give an example of how ensuring participants can adhere to the rules of regulations can affect the risk of injury.

Answer 5

Example- make sure players know two footed tackles in football are dangerous (broken bones)
Example- long jump rules- somersaults not allowed into sand pit)

Question 6

Give three examples of protective (safety) equipment and a sport or activity it can be used in.

Answer 6

Shin pads- football
Gumshield- rugby
Helmet- cycling
Shoulder pads- American Football
Elbow pads- skateboarding

Question 7

Give three examples of performance equipment and a sport or activity it can be used in.

Answer 7

• Hockey stick
• Cricket ball
• Rock climbing harness
• Discus
• Horse riding saddle

Question 8

Give three examples of clothing/footwear that is suitable for a particular playing surface or sport/activity

Answer 8

Moulded football boots- astroturf
Cross trainers- for indoor use/sports hall
Waterproof jacket- hill walking
Athletics- ‘spiked’ running shoes

Question 9

What three environmental factors can influence the risk of injury.

Answer 9

• Other participants
• Weather
• Playing surface/Performance area and surrounding area

Question 10

Identify three different weather hazards and give examples of how they can increase the risk of injury.

Answer 10

Sun/Heat- sunstroke, dehydration, sunburn (e.g. playing cricket all day)
Rain- hypothermia, less surface grip so more chance of collisions (e.g. cycling)
Snow/low temperatures- hypothermia, frostbite (e.g. mountaineering, skiing)

Question 11

For three different sports/activities identify a risk and possible injury associated with that sport

Answer 11

Rugby- collisions- concussion
Marathon Running- blisters
Basketball- slips/twists- ligament sprains
Cricket- ball hitting body- contusions (bruises)

Question 12

What are the three components of an Emergency Action Plan (EAP)

Answer 12

Emergency personnel- i.e. first aider
Emergency communication- i.e. telephone
Emergency equipment- i.e. first aid kit

Question 13

What is a risk assessment?

Answer 13

A procedure done to ensure that an activity is safe for participants and looks to minimise the chances of accidents or injuries occurring.

Question 14

What four areas of should be considered when conducting a risk assessment?

Answer 14

1. The pitch- correct markings, surface is safe, broken bottles, equipment is secured safely (e.g. rugby posts are covered in padding etc.)
2. The area surrounding the pitch- free from obstructions e.g. water bottles,
3. Players- check for suitable footwear & clothing, jewelry removed
4. Spectators-safe distance from playing area and sensible behaviour

Question 15

Give one way other participants can influence the risk of injury.

Answer 15

-Too many participants for the playing area- too crowded, increased risk of collisions

Question 16

What is the purpose of a risk assessment?

Answer 16

• (WHAT) to think about what might cause harm to people or to identify hazards or extrinsic factors
• (WHO) to see/identify who might be (potentially) harmed
• (WHY) to decide what steps need to be taken to prevent harm or minimise/eliminate risks
• Ensure a match/lesson is safe to go ahead