Understand Cloud Concepts Flashcards
_____: systems that are durable and likely to operate continuously without failure for a long time; a system which aims to ensure an agreed upon level of operational performance, usually uptime, for a higher than normal period
High Availability
_____: the ability of a system to recover from failures and continue to function. The goal of _____ is to return the application to a fully functioning state following a failure. High Availability and Disaster Recovery are two crucial components of _____. The system’s ability to stay operational during abnormal conditions such as: Natural disasters, System maintenance (both planned and unplanned, including software updates and security patches), Spikes in traffic to your site, and Threats made by malicious parties, such as DDoS attacks
Resiliency
_____: refers to the time that a system is function and working. However, as you increase _____, you also increase the cost and complexity of your solution
Availability
_____: you can increase or decrease the resources and services used based on the demand or workload at any given time. _____ refers to adding network bandwidth, memory, storage, or computer power to achieve better performance. Can be done manually or automatically based on specific triggers
Scalability
_____: also known as “scaling up,” is the process of adding resources to increase the power of an existing server. For example: adding faster CPU, additional memory, etc.
Vertical Scaling
_____: also known as “scaling out,” is the process of adding more servers that function together as one using. For example: instead of having one server processing incoming requests, you have two
Horizontal Scaling
_____: as a workload changes due to a spike or drop in demand, a cloud computing system can compensate by automatically adding or removing resources. For example: a website is featured in a news article, which leads to a spike in traffic. The cloud can automatically allocate more computing resources to handle the increased traffic. When the traffic begins to settle, the cloud notices and begins to remove the unused resources
Elasticity
_____: the ability to rapidly change an IT infrastructure in order to adapt to the evolving needs of the business
Agility
_____: data backup, disaster recovery, and data replication services make sure data is always safe. In addition, redundancy is often build into cloud services architecture so if one component fails, a backup component takes its place
Fault Tolerance
_____: In the event of hardware failure, procedures are in place to ensure services and data are restored. For example: if a disk goes out, the disk will be replaced
Disaster Recovery
_____: The ability to do things more efficiently or at a lower-cost per unit when operating at a larger scale. Cloud providers can acquire hardware at a lower cost than if a single user or smaller business were purchasing it. Cloud providers can also make deals with local governments and utilities to get tax savings, lower pricing on power, cooling, and high-speed network connectivity between sites. They are then able to pass on these benefits to end users in the form of lower prices than what you could achieve on your own
(Principles of) Economies of Scale
_____: an upfront cost, which has a value that reduces over time. For example: spending money on physical infrastructure up front, and then deducting that expense from your tax bill over time
Capital Expenditure (CapEx)
_____: no upfront cost, you pay for a service or product as you use it. For example: spending money on services or products now and being billed for them now
Operations Expenditure (OpEx)
_____: Pay-as-you-go; rather than paying for a predefined amount of computing resources or hardware up-front, you rent hardware and pay for the resources you use. Benefits: No upfront costs, no need to purchase and manage costly infrastructure that may or may not use to its fullest, the ability to pay for additional resources if and when they are needed, and the ability to stop paying for resources that are no longer needed
Consumption-Based Model
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Gives you complete control over the hardware that runs your application (IT infrastructure servers and VMs, storage, networks, and operating systems). Instead of buying hardware, you rent it
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Common scenarios:
- Migrating workloads: manages similar way as on-premises infrastructure
- Test and development: can quickly set up and dismantle test and development environments
- Website hosting: running websites using _____ can be less expensive than traditional web hosting
Storage, backup, and recovery: avoid the capital outlay and complexity of storage management. Simplifies backup and recovery systems
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
Iaas, PaaS, or SaaS? Requires the most user management of all the cloud services. The user is responsible for managing the operating systems, data, and applications
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Cost and Ownership:
- Upfront costs: there are no upfront costs. Users pay only for what they consume
- User ownership: the user is responsible for the purchase, installation, configuration, and management of their own software operating systems, middleware, and applications
- Cloud provider ownership: the cloud provider is responsible for ensuring that the underlying cloud infrastructure (such as VMs, storage, and networking) is available for the user
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Provides an environment for building, texting, and deploying software applications. _____ is a complete development and deployment environment in the cloud. You don’t have to install an operating system, web server, or even system updates. Resources are purchased from a cloud service provider on a pay-as-you-go basis and accessed over a secure internet connection
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Common scenarios:
- Development framework: provides framework that developers can build upon to develop or customize cloud-based applications. Cloud features such as scalability, high-availability, and multi-tenant capability are included
- Analytics or business intelligence: tools provided as a service with _____ allow organizations to analyze and mine their data
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Less user management. The cloud provider manages the operating systems, and the user is responsible for the applications and data they run and store
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Cost and Ownership:
- Upfront costs: there are no upfront costs. Users pay only for what they consume
- User ownership: the user is responsible for the development of their own applications. However, they are not responsible for managing the server or infrastructure
- Cloud provider ownership: The cloud provider is responsible for operating systems management, and network and service configuration. Cloud providers are typically responsible for everything apart from the application that a user wants to run. They provide a complete managed platform on which to run an application
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Software that is centrally hosted and managed for the end customer. Usually based on an architecture where one version of the application is used for all customers, and licensed through a monthly or annual subscription
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Common scenarios:
- Office 365
- Skype
- Dynamics CRM Online
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Least amount of user management. The cloud provider is responsible for managing everything, and the end user just uses the software
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS? Cost and Ownership:
- Upfront costs: Users have no upfront costs; they pay a subscription, typically on a monthly or annual basis
- User ownership: Users just use the application software; they are not responsible for any maintenance or management of that software
- Cloud provider ownership: the cloud provider is responsible for the provision, management, and the maintenance of the application software
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Most common deployment model. You have no local hardware to manage or keep up-to-date; everything runs on your cloud provider’s hardware. Computing resources are shared with other cloud users
Public Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Advantages:
- High scalability/agility - you don’t have to buy a new server in order to scale
- Pay-as-you-go pricing - you pay only for what you use, no CapEx costs
- You’re not responsible for maintenance of the hardware
Minimal technical knowledge to set up and use
Public Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Disadvantages:
- May be specific security requirements that cannot be met by _____
- May be government policies, industry standards, or legal requirements which _____ cannot meet
- You don’t own the hardware or services and cannot manage them as you may wish
- Unique business requirements, such as having to maintain a legacy application might be hard to meet
Public Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? You create a cloud environment in your own datacenter and provide self-service access to compute resources to users in your organization. Offers a simulation of public cloud to your users, but you remain completely responsible for the purchase and maintenance of the hardware and software services you provide
Private Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Advantages:
- You have complete control over the resources and can ensure the configuration can support any scenario or legacy application
- You have complete control (and responsibility) over security
- _____ can meet strict security, compliance, or legal requirements in ways a public cloud might not be able to
Private Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Disadvantages:
- You have CapEx costs and must purchase the hardware for startup and maintenance
- Owning the equipment limits the agility - to scale you must buy, install, and setup new hardware
- _____ require IT skills and expertise
Private Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Combines public and private clouds, allowing you to run your applications in the most appropriate location. For example, you could host a website in the public cloud and link it to a highly secure database hosted in your private cloud (or on-premise datacenter)
Hybrid Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Advantages:
- You can keep systems running and accessible that use out-of-date hardware or an out-of-date operating system
- You have flexibility with what you run locally versus the cloud
- You can take advantage of economies of scale from public cloud providers for services and resources where it is cheaper, and then supplement with your own equipment when it is not
- You can use your own equipment to meet security, compliance, or legacy scenarios where you need to completely control the environment
Hybrid Cloud Model
Public, Private, or Hybrid Cloud Model? Disadvantages:
- It can be more expensive than selecting one deployment model since it involves some CapEx cost up front
- It can be more complicated to set up and manage
Hybrid Cloud Model
