UNCLOS III, Part IX, and the 1994 Agreement

Question 1

UNCLOS III occurred from _____ to _____ in ______.

Answer 1

1973-1982, New York, NY

Question 2

Used a _______ process instead of ______________ (to prevent nation-states from dominating the negotiations).

Answer 2

consensus, majority vote

Question 3

Resulting convention came into force _______________

Answer 3

16 Nov. 1994

Question 4

Introduced a number of provisions, including: (10)

Answer 4

• Setting area limits
• Navigation
• Archipelagic status and Transit Regimes
• Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
• Continental shelf jurisdiction
• Deep seabed mining
• The Exploitation Regime
• Protection of the Marine Environment
• Scientific Research
• Settlement of Disputes

Question 5

The convention defined limits of various areas, including: (6 areas)

Answer 5

1. Internal Waters
2. Territorial Waters
3. Archipelagic Waters
4. Contiguous Zone
5. Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ)
6. Continental Shelf

Question 6

Internal Waters covers all ______ and ____________ on the landward side of the ___________.

Answer 6

water, waterways, baseline

Question 7

Internal Waters: Coastal state has exclusive rights regarding ____________, ____________, and _____________.

Answer 7

setting laws, regulating use, resource management.

Question 8

Internal Waters: ___________ have NO right of passage.

Answer 8

foreign vessels

Question 9

Territorial Waters extends ____ nautical miles out from the _____________.

Answer 9

12, coastal state baseline

Question 10

Territorial Waters: Coastal states have exclusive rights regarding ____________, ____________, and ______________.

Answer 10

setting laws, regulating use, resource management.

Question 11

Territorial Waters: Vessels given right to _________________; military craft allowed _____________ through strategic straits.

Answer 11

Innocent Passage, Transit Passage

Question 12

Archipelagic Waters: ______ drawn between the _____________ of the _____________. State has ____________ (like ___________), but foreign vessels have right of ______________ (like _______________).

Answer 12

baseline, outermost points, outermost islands, full sovereignty (internal waters), innocent passage (territorial waters)

Question 13

Contiguous Zone: Extends ___ nm beyond the ______________.

Answer 13

12, Territorial Waters

Question 14

In the Contiguous Zone, a state can continue to enforce laws limited to _______, ______, _______, and ______, if the infringement occurred in the CS’s _____________. This makes the CZ a _________________ area.

Answer 14

customs, taxation, immigration, pollution, territorial waters, “hot pursuit”

Question 15

Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ): Extends ______ nm from the _____________.

Answer 15

200, baseline

Question 16

EEZ: Grants coastal state _______ natural resource exploitation rights.

Answer 16

sole

Question 17

EEZ: Foreign states have freedom of _______ and ______, and may also ______________.

Answer 17

navigation, overflight, lay submarine pipes and cables

Question 18

Continental Shelf: Defined as the ____________ of the ____________ to the ______________, or _____ nm from the coastal state’s _________, whichever is _______.

Answer 18

natural prolongation, land territory, continental margin’s outer edge, 200, baseline, greater

Question 19

Continental Shelf: May not extend:

1. Over _____ nm from the _______, or
2. Over _____ nm beyond the ________ meter _____ (the line connecting the depth of ,** meters).

Answer 19

1. 350 nm, baseline

2. 100 nm, 2500 meter isobath

Question 20

Continental Shelf: Coastal states have _________ rights to _______, _______, on or in the Continental Shelf. They also have exclusive rights to _____________ “attached” to the continental shelf, but not beyond the ____________.

Answer 20

exclusive, minerals, non-living material, living resources, EEZ

Question 21

UNCLOS III also established ____________________, freedom for _______________, and an innovative _____________ for controlling ____________________________ through the _________________ and the __________________ principle.

Answer 21

safety measures for marine environment, scientific research, legal regime, extranational mineral resource exploitation, International Seabed Authority, Common heritage of mankind

Question 22

UNCLOS III: ____________ states given ___________ to and from sea through transit states.

Answer 22

Landlocked, tax-free right of access

Question 23

Part IX ratified the ___________. __________ did not agree with this and therefore ____________, although it expressed agreement with ____________________.

Answer 23

International Seabed Authority, The United States, refused to ratify UNCLOS, all other provisions of UNCLOS

Question 24

What is ITLOS?

Answer 24

The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

Question 25

The UNCLOS III convention was open for signature ________, and entered into force ________ upon the disposition of the ______ country of ratification. The convention is currently ratified by _____ states.

Answer 25

Dec 10, 1982, Nov 16, 1994, 60th, 165 states