UMN + LMN Flashcards
what are the 6 UMN signs?
increased tone hyperreflexia extensor plantar responses spastic gait exaggerated jaw jerk slowed movements
what are the 4 LMN signs?
muscle wasting
weakness
fasciculations
absent or reduced deep tendon reflexes
what is the STORM BABY acronym stand for?
Strength Tone Others Reflexes (DTR) Muscle Mass Babinski Sign
in LMN everything…
lowers
what is the weakness distribution in UMN?
Corticospinal distribution; hemiparesis, quadriparesis, paraparesis, monoparesis, faciobrachial
what is the weakness distribution in LMN?
Generalized, predominantly proximal, distal or focal. No preferential involvement of corticospinal innervated muscles.
what is the sensory loss in UMN?
Central pattern
what is the sensory loss in LMN?
None, glove, stocking, peripheral nerve or root distribution
what are the deep tendon reflexes in UMN?
Increased
what are the deep tendon reflexes in LMN?
Normal or decreased
what are the superficial reflexes in UMN?
Decreased
what are the superficial reflexes in LMN?
Normal
what are the pathological reflexes in UMN?
Increased
what are the pathological reflexes in LMN?
Normal
what is the sphincter function of UMN?
Sometimes impaired
what is the sphincter function of LMN?
Usually normal
what is the muscle tone in UMN?
Increased
what is the muscle tone in LMN?
Normal or decreased
what is the muscle bulk in UMN?
Sometimes hypertrophy
what is the muscle bulk in LMN?
Wasting
where do UMN lesions occur?
CNS + Spinal Cord
where do LMN lesions occur?
• Anterior horn cells
what are common causes of UMN?
acute stroke syndromes, space occupying lesions, and spinal cord problems
what are common causes of UMN?
motor neuron disease, spinal muscular atrophy
UMN cause
spinal cord syndromes
LMN cause
peripheral nerve involvement/mononeuropathy
spinal injuries in the cervical region cause which type of symptoms?
o Arms involved
o UMN if central
spinal injuries in the thoracic region cause which type of symptoms?
o Arm not/minimally involved
o UMN if central
spinal injuries in the lumbar region cause which type of symptoms?
o Only legs involved
o No UMN features
