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Radiology > Ultrasound Thyroid, Echo, Dopper > Flashcards

Ultrasound Thyroid, Echo, Dopper Flashcards

1
Q

What is the preferred initial imaging for thyroid disorders?

A

ultrasound

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2
Q

You can visual structures as small as (…) using an ultrasound for the thyroid

A

2 mm

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3
Q

What are the advantages to using ultrasounds?

A
  • quick
  • cheap
  • non-invasive
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4
Q

What are indications for US on the thyroid?

A
  • evaluate nodules (most common)
  • fine needle aspiration
  • monitor thyroid disease
  • planning for surgery
  • surveillance for thyroid CA patients
  • screen for thyroid CA
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5
Q

What will a fluid filled cyst look like on an US?

A

looks almost like a balloon with clean edges

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6
Q

What is an advantage of US in biopsies?

A

you ensure that the sample you are getting is from a nodule and not surrounding tissue

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7
Q

What are the 3 things that make us suspicious of cancer when using US to look at the thyroid?

A
  • hypo-echogenicity (darker than surrounding tissue)
  • punctate microcalcifications
  • abnormal edges
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8
Q

What is the most common cardiac testing?

A

echocardiogram

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9
Q

What can an echocardiogram show you/what is it used for?

A
  • shows wall motion
  • assess EF
  • valves
  • overall cardiac health and used for endocarditis
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10
Q

What are some other cardiac tests besides an echocardiogram?

A
  • nuclear stress test
  • cardiac CT
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11
Q

What are the different types of echocardiograms?

A
  • transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
  • 3D echo
  • intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE)
  • stress echocardiogram
  • transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
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12
Q

What is the most common type of echo and is noninvasive, taking place entirely outside of your body?

A

transthoracic echocardiogram

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13
Q

What echo typically shows a flat picture, but our machines can also create 3D imaging? What is this helpful for identifying?

A
  • 3D echo
  • problems with heart valves, replacement heart valves, and the heart’s lower left chamber
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14
Q

What echo represents a newer form of testing, when images are taken inside your heart?

A

intracardiac echocardiogram

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15
Q

Which echo is done on a treadmill and chemical?

A

stress echo

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16
Q

Which echo is described as guiding a special ultrasound probe into your mouth and down your esophagus after sedation? It allows for better imaging since the esophagus and heart sit close together and sound waves don’t need to pass through skin, muscle, or bone

A

transesophageal

17
Q

What can interfere with a standard echo?

A
  • obesity
  • lung disease
18
Q

What is the most common reason to get an echo?

A

chest pain

19
Q

What can you use echos for?

A
  • assessing cardiac function
  • look at heart valves
  • ejection fraction
  • pericardial effusion
  • wall motions (indirect way to look for ischemia/mi)
20
Q

If you get an abnormal echo, what should you do next?

A

cath lab

21
Q

When doing an echo, and there seems to be bubbles when the heart pumps, what could possibly be going on?

A
  • patent foramen ovale
  • if it stays open after birth, usually isn’t diagnosed until after someone has a stroke later in life
22
Q

What uses high frequency sound waves to look at the speed of blood flow?

A

doppler

23
Q

What is the most common doppler?

A

venous duplex, LE

24
Q

The term “duplex” refers to the fact that (…) modes of US are used, the (…)

A
  • 2 modes
  • doppler and B mode
25
Q
  • What obtains an image of the vessel being studied?
  • What is within the transducer and evaluates the velocity and direction of blood flow in the vessel?
A
  • B-mode transducer
  • Doppler probe
26
Q

What are the different types of duplexes?

A
  • arterial and venous scans (most common)
  • carotid duplex
  • renal duplex
27
Q

What is obtained by dividing blood pressure in the ankle by blood pressure in the arm? A value of 0.9 or greater is normal

A

Arterial brachial index (ABI)

28
Q

What are the indications for dopplers?

A
  • most common: assess for DVT
  • aneurysm
  • arterial narrowing or blockage
  • blood clot
  • carotid occlusive disease
  • renal vascular disease
  • varicose veins
  • venous insufficiency
29
Q

When using a doppler, if a vein does not compress when pressure is applied, what most likely is going on?

A

clot

30
Q

What is one of the biggest reasons to have clots with no reason?

A

cancer

31
Q

What is the interpretation of ABI values?

A
  • > 1.30 = noncompressible
  • 0.91-1.30 = normal
  • 0.41-0.90 = mild-to-moderate peripheral arterial disease
  • 0.00-0.40 = severe peripheral arterial disease
32
Q

What are 3 things to review or know about dopplers?

A
  • vein-compression of thin walls; clot will not allow for compression
  • artery-non-compression, smooth, muscle
  • fast, noninvasive test, very common

Radiology (6 decks)

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