Ultrasound, Nuclear, MRI

Question 0

two display conventions for ultrasound?

Answer 0

sagittal: patient head on left
transverse: patient right side is on left of image

Question 1

Accoustic shadow is?

Answer 1

100% bounce back from bone, gas/calculus

Question 2

how to solid organs look on ultrasound?

Answer 2

grey

Question 3

how do fluids appear on ultrasound?

Answer 3

dark/anechoic

Question 4

renal sinus on ultrasound appears usually?

Answer 4

lighter grey as shouldn’t be distended/dark appearing

Question 5

gall bladder usually what colour?

Answer 5

black unless stones, then cast acoustic shadows

Question 6

cysts on ultrasound have what kind of echoes?

Answer 6

posterior enhancement

Question 7

what is doppler ultrasound for?

Answer 7

detect blood flow direction

Question 8

doppler can detect what in blood?

Answer 8

flow
flow direction
stenosis

Question 9

what is CEUS?

Answer 9

contrast enhanced ultrasound uses microbubbles

Question 10

Contrast U/S used when?

Answer 10

heart
liver
renal

Question 11

hypoechoic means?

Answer 11

darker

Question 12

hyperechoic means?

Answer 12

whiter

Question 13

anechoic means?

Answer 13

pure black/fluid

Question 14

problem with abdo imaging?

Answer 14

obesity

Question 15

Nuclear medicine radioisotopes release what?

Answer 15

gamma rays

Question 16

most common gamme ray emitter is?

Answer 16

technetium 99-m

Question 17

what does hotspot mean in Nuclear medicine?

Answer 17

increase isotope uptake = darker

Question 18

what does cold spot mean in Nuclear medicine?

Answer 18

less isotope uptake

Question 19

“FDG Avid” in PET scans means?

Answer 19

like hotspot, more uptake and therefore darker

Question 20

bone scans: radioisotopes taken up by?

Answer 20

osteoblasts

Question 21

what is technecium pertechnetate for?

Answer 21

thyroid and salivary glands

Question 22

what is technecium sestamibi for?

Answer 22

cardiac studies

Question 23

what is technecium methylene disphosphonate for?

Answer 23

bone scans

Question 24

how does lung scans work?

Answer 24

2 agents: inhaled and intravenously mismatch = embolus match = normal diease

Question 25

what emits positrons in PET scans?

Answer 25

Flurodeoxyglucose

Question 26

PET scans used mainly for?

Answer 26

tumour detection and staging

Question 27

how to enhance PET imaging?

Answer 27

combine with CT for better spatial resolution

Question 28

2 advantages of nuclear medicine?

Answer 28

1. metabolic activity | 2. sensitive to tumour

Question 29

what is released from proton after it returns to original alignment in MRI?

Answer 29

radiofrequency signal to make a greyscale image

Question 30

3 most common MRI usage body system?

Answer 30

CNS MSK Abdo

Question 31

MRI: T1 and T2?

Answer 31

``` T1 = water dark T2 = water bright ```

Question 32

MRI brighter and darker terminology?

Answer 32

hyperintense vs. hypointense

Question 33

what is FLAIR in MRI?

Answer 33

Fluid attenuation inversion recovery: to nullify CSF signal

Question 34

how to tell CT vs. MRI when looking at an image?

Answer 34

``` CT = bone is white MRI = bone is black ```

Question 35

MRI contrast uses what?

Answer 35

gadolinium plus T1 so contrast appears bright

Question 37

What is DWI used for?

Answer 37

diffusion weighted imaging for stagnant water molecules: | pus, abcesses

Question 38

MRI for vessels called?

Answer 38

Magnetic resonance angiography and venography without contrast

Question 39

what contraindicated in MRI?

Answer 39

``` pacemaker intracanial clips cochlear implants certain stents shrapnel ```

Question 40

risk for MRI for people with what disease?

Answer 40

significant renal impairment get | Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis due to gadolinium