Ultrasound Localisation Microscopy

Question 1

Betzig

Answer 1

In 2006 the diffraction limit was broken using localisation microscopy

Question 2

Breaking the diffraction limit

Answer 2

This development led to the attribution of the 2014 chemistry Nobel prize

Question 3

ULM first proposed

Answer 3

ULM first proposed in 2010 with the first in vivo demonstrations done in 2018

Question 4

ULM exploits

Answer 4

ULM exploits the temporal variation of contrast agents known as microbubbles

Question 5

Microbubbles

Answer 5

MBs are clinically approved microspheres with an inert gas core.

Question 6

Stage 1 of ULM

Answer 6

The contrast agent is injected into the blood stream this allows for video acquisition

Question 7

Stage 2 of ULM

Answer 7

A motion correction algorithm is applied

Question 8

Stage 3 of ULM

Answer 8

A filtering step highlights MBs in each frame and their centroids are localised

Question 9

Stage 4 of ULM

Answer 9

The localised MBs are tracked to define the paths of the micro vessels

Question 10

ULM requires long

Answer 10

ULM requires long acquisition times to accurately locate MBs

Question 11

X0 and z0

Answer 11

Are the true localisations

Question 12

x and z

Answer 12

Are the localisations measured by the algorithm

Question 13

Deep learning acquisition times

Answer 13

Of 13 minutes for 30,000 images

Question 14

Imaging blood flow at microscopic levels

Answer 14

Is difficult for to the complexities of micro vascular structures

Question 15

Oncology

Answer 15

Breast cancer, dense tissue

Question 16

Neurology

Answer 16

Detection of brain vessels, skull bone