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PTA Physical Agents and Modalities > Ultrasound, Diathermy, lasers and lights > Flashcards

Ultrasound, Diathermy, lasers and lights Flashcards

1
Q

The power per unit area of the should head, expressed in W/cm 2

A

intensity

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2
Q

is the number of compression rarefaction cycles per unit of time, expressed in cycles/ sec or Hz

A

Frequency

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3
Q

Increasing the frequency of the Ultrasound causes a decrease in it’s what?

A

in the depth of the penetration in the superficial tissues

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4
Q

the area of the transducer from which the Ultrasound energy radiates

A

ERA- effective radiating area

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5
Q

the proportion of the treatment time that the US is on

A

Duty Cycle

100% duty Cycle is on 100% of the time and it is the same as continuous US.

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6
Q

how do we decide frequency for US

A

frequency is based on depth of tissue

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7
Q

When would 3.3 MHz be used for US

A

when working on superficial tissue.

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8
Q

when would 1 MHz be used with US

A

when the tissue is deeper

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9
Q

The decrease in US intensity as US travels through tissue

A

Attenuation

attenuation is greatest in tissues with high collagen content

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10
Q

the property of being able to generate electricity

A

Piezoelectric

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11
Q

what are the thermal effects of Ultrasound

A

Acceleration of metabolic rate, reduction/control of pain and muscle spasms, increased circulations, increasing soft tissue extensibility

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12
Q

why can heating small areas of scar tissue in muscles absorb more Ultrasound?

A

b/c of increased collagen content

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13
Q

the speed at which the transducer is moved does not affect temperature….what does it affect?

A

it affects the location and hot spots

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14
Q

where is the highest temperature generally produced?

A

generally produced at bone interface

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15
Q

if the intensity if the ultrasound is to high what will the PT. complain of?

A

a deep ache from the overheating of the periosteum

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16
Q

what duty Cycle is used for non-thermal effects Aka pulsed ultrasound

A

20% duty Cycle

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17
Q

non-thermal effects of Ultrasound

A

increased intracellular calcium levels, increased skin cell membrane permeability, increase the release of histamines, promotion of macrophages responsiveness, facilitation of healing, enchantment of transdermal drug penetration

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18
Q

why can ultrasound be used for soft tissue contractures

A

Us can penetrate the depth of most joint capsules, tendons, and ligaments and it can be effective for heating those tissues before stretching

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19
Q

what are the parameters for US including the frequency, intensity and time

A 
Frequency 1-3.3 depending on tissue depth 
1-deep tissue
3.3- superficial
Intensity .5-1.0 for superficial
1.5-2.0 for deep tissue

Time is 5-10 mins

20
Q

What is phonophoresis with pulsed ultrasound

A

transcutaneous drug delivery.

trying to deliver meds through ultrasound cream

21
Q

Contraindications for use of US

A

malignant tumors, pregnancy, joint cement or plastic components, pacemaker, thrombophlebitis

22
Q

Precautions of US

A

acute inflammation, Epiphyseal plates, Fx, breast implants

23
Q

Adverse effects of US

A

blood cell stasis due to collection of gas bubbles, possibilities of cross contamination and infection of PT’s

24
Q

what stages of rehab would thermal US be applied

A

Sub-acute or chronic phases of healing

25
Q

Diathermy used for?

A

deep heating larger area

26
Q

Diathermy mean?

A

through heating

27
Q

How is temperature determined by diathermy

A

Field intensity, tissue type, duty cycle, and distance from patient

28
Q

What are contraindications to all diathermy

A

Implanted/ transcutaneous stimulators, including pacemakers and pregnancy

29
Q

Contraindication to thermal diathermy

A

Metal, malignancy, eyes, testes

30
Q

Contraindication to non-thermal diathermy

A

Deep tissue, internal organs, substitute for conventional therapy for edema and pain, pacemakers, electronic devices or metal implants

31
Q

Reasons to apply thermal diathermy

A

Large deep tissue heating, pain control, accelerated tissue healing, decreased joint stiffness, increased joint ROM

32
Q

Reasons to apply non-thermal diathermy

A

Increased microvascular perfusion, altered cell membrane function and cellular activity, control of pain and edema, soft tissue, nerve and bone healing, improve OA symptoms

33
Q

Precautions of diathermy

A

obesity, near eletronic or magnetic equipment, copper-bearing IUD, pregnancy, skeletal immaturity

34
Q

What is EMR? Example

A

Its electromagnetic radiation equals electric and magnetic fields that vary over time and are oriented perpendicular to each other

The sun-example

35
Q

What is low level laser AKA

A

Cold laser or therapeutic laser

36
Q

what type of wave lengths penetrate deeper?

A

Longer wave lengths

37
Q

rate of energy flow mW

A

Power

38
Q

mW/cm2

A

Power density

39
Q

Power x time

A

energy

40
Q

what is joules

A

it how you measure the intensity and energy of the lights

41
Q

What are the effects of lasers and lights

A

promote ATP production by mitochondria, promote collagen production, modulate inflammation, inhibit bacterial growth

42
Q

Clinical indications for lasers and lights

A

soft tissue and bone healing, arthritis, lymph-edema, neurological conditions, pain management

43
Q

Contraindications for laser and light therapy

A

direct radiation of eyes, malignancy, contraindicated w/n 4-6months after radiotherapy, hemorrhage, contraindicated for thyroid or other endocrine glands

44
Q

Precautions for laser and light therapy

A

low back or abdomen during pregnancy, epiphyseal plates in children, impaired sensation and mentation, photophobia/ light sensitivity, pretreatment w/ photosensitizer

45
Q

What are some adverse reported effects of laser therapy

A

Transient tingling, mild erythema, rash, burning sensation, increased pain and numbness, burns w/ diode

46
Q

Organize in correct order: gamma rays, Short waves (radiowaves), UV, X-rays, ELF, Visible light, and microwaves

A

ELF, Short waves (radiowaves), microwaves, IR. visible , UV, Xrays and gamma rays

PTA Physical Agents and Modalities (1 decks)

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