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Sonography Principles 2 > Ultrasound Contrast Agents > Flashcards

Ultrasound Contrast Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Contrast agent used in fluoro/xray?

A

Barium

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2
Q

Contrast agent used in CT?

A

Iodinated contrast

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3
Q

Contrast agent used in MRI?

A

Gadolinium

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4
Q

Contrast agent used in ultrasound?

A

Microbubbles

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5
Q

Size of microbubbles?

A

1-4 microns

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6
Q

What do the microbubbles consist of?

A

PEG shell and gas core

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7
Q

What structures are taken up by the microbubbles?

A

Spleen, liver, immune system

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8
Q

What kind of echoes are produced when microbubbles expand and contract?

A

Harmonic echoes

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9
Q

What does encapsulation of the gas refer to?

A

Slows the diffusion of the gas and lengthens duration of contrast effect

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10
Q

What lengthens the duration of the contrast effect?

A

Encapsulation

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11
Q

What does CEUS stand for?

A

Contrast Enhanced US

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12
Q

What is flash mode?

A

A short ultrasound pulse with a high MI that destroys the microbubbles

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13
Q

What contrast agent brand is used here?

A

Definity

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14
Q

Benefits of contrast agents?

A
  1. Real-time evaluation of blood flow
  2. Destruction of microbubbles to quantify tissue perfusion
  3. Safer - no radiation
  4. Cheaper
  5. Low dosage needed because microbubbles are very strong
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15
Q

Disadvantages to contrast agents?

A
  1. Microbubbles only last a short time in the body
  2. Microbubbles will burst at low frequencies and high MI
  3. Reactions to the contrast are possible
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16
Q

Side Effects of Definity?

A
  1. Headache/Dizziness
  2. Flushed
  3. Nausea
  4. Chest pain
  5. Low back or side pain
17
Q

What can microbubbles be targeted with?

A

Ligands

18
Q

Benefit of target contrast agents?

A

Taken up by the body at a specific area of interest such as inflamed cells or cancer cells

19
Q

T or F? Contrast target agents are still under pre-clinical development?

A

TRUE

20
Q

As bubbles pass through the US window, they act as what kind of reflector?

A

Strong reflectors relative to blood and tissue

21
Q

What may contrast agents be used for?

A
  1. LV opacification and endocardial border detection
  2. Lesion detection when echogenicity matches the surrounding tissue
  3. Lesion characterization - blood flow
  4. Doppler detection when echoes are weaker
  5. Small bowel in cases of chron’s disease

Sonography Principles 2 (14 decks)

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