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SF1.10 Ultrasound > Ultrasound > Flashcards

Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

Uses of ultrasound:

A
  1. extension of physical exam
  2. diagnostic studies
  3. guiding needles or instruments for procedures
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2
Q

How does ultrasound detect structure?

A
  • echolocation using sound waves.
  • no radiation involved.
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3
Q

What creates sound waves in the transducer of an ultrasound machine?

A
  • a piezoelectric crystal that vibrates
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4
Q

What must always be used and placed in between the transducer and the body surface?

A
  • gel
    • helps sound waves travel more cleanly through the body
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5
Q

The two qualities of transducers that influence their use:

A
  • frequency emitted
  • shape
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6
Q

What frequencies have higher resolution on ultrasound, high or low?

A

high frequencies (at cost of low penetration)

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7
Q

What are the differences between using high and low frequencies in US?

A
  • high frequencies have higher resolution with lower penetration
  • low frequencies have lower resolution with deeper penetration
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8
Q

Linear transducer characteristics and use:

A
  • Higher frequency (10-18MHZ)
  • Rectangular image
  • Musculoskeletal and soft tissue
  • Superficial
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9
Q

Curvilinear transducer characteristics and use:

A
  • Low frequency (1-5MHZ)
  • Wide, convex image
  • Abdomen
  • Deep structures
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10
Q

Sector transducer characteristics and use:

A
  • Low Frequency
  • Wide, sector image (pie slice)
  • Helps guide beam through windows such as ribs.
  • Cardiac.
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11
Q

What transducer would you use for superficial and musculoskeletal structures?

A

linear

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12
Q

What transducer would you use for deep structures and the abdomen?

A

curvilinear (convex)

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13
Q

What transducer would you use for the heart?

A

sector

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14
Q

Hypoechoic:

A

weaker or low echo
i.e. muscle

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15
Q

Hyperechoic:

A

bright echo
i.e. bone

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16
Q

Anechoic:

A

no echo or blackness
i.e. fluid

17
Q

Isoechoic:

A

equal echogenicity between 2 structures

18
Q

The three US modes:

A
  1. brightness (B) mode
  2. doppler mode
  3. power doppler mode
19
Q

Doppler mode:

A
  • evaluates cardiovascular structures (arteries and veins)
  • COLOR
  • red = toward transducer
  • blue = away from transducer
20
Q

Power doppler mode:

A
  • 5X more sensitive than doppler
  • detects low blood flow
  • one directional
  • used for tumors and tendon evaluation
21
Q

What ultrasound mode would you use to detect blood flow in tendons and/or tumors?

A

power doppler mode

22
Q

The four things sound waves can do in tissue:

A
  • reflect (back to transducer)
  • refract
  • scatter
  • attenuate (lose energy)
23
Q

Attenuation in the setting of US:

A
  • the sound beam (echo) loses energy as tissue absorbs sound.
  • lower frequency waves travel further and are less attenuated.
24
Q

Do high or low frequency sound beams demonstrate less attenuation?

A
  • low; so use low for deeper structures
25
Q

Anisotropy is:

A
  • Change in echogenicity of a structure dependent on angle of beam relative to that structure.
26
Q

What tissue is most susceptible to anisotropy?

A

tendons

27
Q

US muscle footprint:

A
  • “feather, veins on leaf”
  • Hypoechoic bundles
  • Hyperechoic septae
28
Q

US tendon footprint:

A
  • Hyperechoic, tightly packed
  • Non-branching
  • Non-vascular
29
Q

US ligament footprint:

A
  • often cover a capsule/joint
  • non-vascular
  • hyper or hypoechoic depending on surrounding structures
30
Q

US bone footprint:

A
  • Hyper-Echoic
  • Posterior shadows
31
Q

US bursae and synovia footprint:

A
  • hypo-anechoic (black)
  • gliding structures
  • synovial Lining
32
Q

US hyaline cartilage (bone lining) footprint:

A
  • hypoechoic
  • uniform thickness
33
Q

US fibrocartilage (between bones) footprint:

A

hyper/hypo: salt and pepper

34
Q

US nerve footprint:

A
  • Sagittal: striated, tramtrack
  • Transverse: honeycomb
35
Q

US vessels footprint:

A

anechoic (black) tubes

36
Q

What is this an image of?

A

US-guided hematoma aspiration with a needle

SF1.10 Ultrasound (1 decks)

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