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Radiology II > Ultrasound > Flashcards

Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

Production of sound waves by an ultrasound probe (transducer) and the return of that reflected sound wave (echo)

A

Ultrasound

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2
Q

An extremely important tool with ultrasound technology because it reduces air between the pt and transducer
Helps with conduction

A

Ultrasonic gel

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3
Q

Distance a wave must travel

A

Wavelength

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4
Q

Number of cycles per second

A

Frequency

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5
Q

Speed at which sound travels through an object

A

Velocity

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6
Q

Intensity or loudness of a wave

A

Amplitude

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7
Q

Loss of intensity of the beam as it travels through tissue

A

Attenuation

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8
Q

What type of material displays absorption attenuation?

A

Liquids

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9
Q

What type of material displays scattering attenuation?

A

Uneven surfaces

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10
Q

Ability of tissue to resist transmission of sound

The > the density or elastic difference, the more reflective

A

Acoustic impedance

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11
Q

Converts energy into electrical impulses

Used to scan pt

A

Transducer

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12
Q

Within the transducer that converts electrical energy into ultrasound
Can be natural or synthetic

A

Crystals

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13
Q

Crystals vibrate and produce a wave, wave travels through tissues and crystals switch from sending to listening, echoes are received, and seen on the monitor

A

Piezoelectric effect

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14
Q

Quality of the ultrasound

A

Resolution

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15
Q

^ Frequency =

A

shorter soundwave=better resolution

Less penetration

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16
Q

The ability to distinguish between two objects or echoes that are adjacent to one another yet perpendicular to the sound wave

A

Lateral spatial

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17
Q

The ability to differentiate between two structures along the beam’s length

A

Axial

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18
Q

Frequency used for a small dog and cats

A

7.5 MHz

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19
Q

Frequency used for mid-large size dogs

A

5 MHz

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20
Q

Frequency used for large animals

A

3-5 MHz

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21
Q

AKA Sector probe, Convex

Wide field of view - pie-like

A

Mechanical sector

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22
Q

One of the first probes designed for high resolution

Rectangular view

A

Linear transducer

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23
Q

Transducer used in cardiac studies

A

Phased array sector

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24
Q

3D & 4D ultrasounds

A

Matrix transducer

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25
Amplitude mode | Graphic display, used in ophthalmology
A-mode
26
Brightness mode Cross section that gives a 2D image Most common
B-mode
27
Motion mode Straight lines = stationary objects, wavy lines = moving objects Used in cardiology and in conjunction with B-mode
M-mode
28
Mode used for moving objects and fluid flow | Useful for <3 dz, shunts, blood flow patterns, thromboembolisms
Doppler
29
BART
Blue Away Red Towards
30
Detects velocity of flow
Power Color Doppler
31
Mode used for large/obese animals
Harmonic
32
Ability of tissue to bounce soundwaves | Intensity of reflected echoes
Echogenicity
33
Image appears black, no reflection (fluid filled) | Ex: bladder
Anechoic
34
Appears darker than surrounding tissue, varying shades of grey Ex: blood, loose tissue, muscle
Hypoechoic
35
Appears brighter than surrounding tissues (white) | Ex: solid tissue, bladder stones
Hyperechoic
36
Equal in appearance to surrounding tissue
Isoechoic
37
Uniform greys | Ex: liver
Homogeneous
38
Varying shades of greys | Ex: kidneys
Heterogeneous
39
Transducer marker is positioned to the cranial or caudal end of the animal Long axis | |
Sagittal
40
Transducer marker should be 90 degrees to the longitudinal plane Short axis -------------------
Transverse
41
Affects the brightness (range of grey scale) of the image
Gain
42
Every transducer has a set max and min _____________ at which it can send and receive soundwaves
Depth
43
Allows the operator to selectively adjust the gain at various depths
Time gain compensation
44
Preinstalled settings
Presets
45
Maximizes the axial and lateral spatial resolution at the area of interest
Focal Zone Adjustments
46
Allows the operator to change the frequency within the range of frequencies allowed by the probe
Frequency Selection
47
Affects the gain setting and the tissue harmonics to obtain the ideal image as the sound beam travels through a particular part of the body
Optimization
48
Usually examined between the 4th and 5th rib | Start in R lateral recumbency with the transducer coming from underneath
Heart
49
The heart's ________ and _________ are echogenic
walls; valves
50
Most hyperechoic of all organs | Uniform, granular appearance and seen best on pt's left side
Spleen
51
Less echogenic than the spleen and echotexture is coarse (grainy and homogeneous)
Liver
52
Anechoic with a bright wall | Sometimes contains echogenic debris or sludge
Gallbladder
53
When scanning in lateral recumbency, it is bean shaped;. When scanning dorsally, it is ovoid Surrounded by a bright capsule
Kidneys
54
The cortex of the kidney is
hypoechoic
55
The medulla of the kidney is
anechoic
56
Anechoic with a hyperechoic wall
Bladder
57
Surrounds the urethra and is bilobed with a bright appearance Larger and more echogenic in an intact male
Prostate
58
Optimal time for pregnancy detection in small animals
20 days
59
Optimal time for pregnancy detection in horses
11 days
60
Can be difficult to image because of gas and walls alternate black and white layers
Stomach and bowels
61
Adjacent to the duodenum on the right side and between stomach, spleen, and colon on the left
Pancreas
62
Hypoechoic and uniformly grey | Cranial pole of kidneys
Adrenal glands
63
Linear echoes caused by an inadequate amount of gel or sound reflected between transducer and strong reflector
Reverberation
64
Inadequate sound beam penetration (bone, calculi, calcium)
Shadowing
65
Sound traveling through fluid filled structure without attenuation
Enhancement
66
Soundwave changes directions causing a hypoechoic band
Refraction
67
Acoustic enhancement | AKA: Duplicate image
Mirror image
68
Produced by front and back of strong reflector (air bubble, BB)
Comet tail

Radiology II (3 decks)

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