Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AWS CWI > Ultrasonic Testing > Flashcards

Ultrasonic Testing Flashcards

1
Q

In addition to other functions, a probe manipulator arm in a mechanical immersion-scanning unit permits:

a. use of the through-transmission technique
b. use of high scanning speeds
c. detection of discontinuities at various angles
d. utilization of less skilled operators

A

c. detection of discontinuities at various angles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called:

a. Fresnel’s law
b. Fraunhofer’s law
c. Snell’s law
d. Lamb’s law

A

c. Snell’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In immersion testing, the position of the search unit is often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as:

a. angulation
b. dispersion
c. reflection testing
d. refraction

A

a. angulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which of the following would bd considered applications of ultrasonic techniques?

a. determination of a material’s elastic modulus
b. Study of a material’s metallurgical structure
c. Measurement of a material’s thickness
d. All of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The crystal thickness and transducer frequency is related. The thinner the crystal:

a. the lower the frequency
b. the higher the frequency
c. there is no appreciable effect
d. none of the above

A

b. the higher the frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where does beam divergence occur?

a. near field
b. far field
c. at the crystal
d. none of the above

A

b. far field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:

a. decreases
b. remains unchanged
c. increases
d. varies uniformly through each wavelength

A

a. decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When examining materials for flaws oriented parallel to the part surface, what testing method is most often used?

a. angle beam
b. through-transmission
c. straight beam
d. dual crystal

A

c. straight beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rayleigh waves are influenced most by defects located:

a. one wavelength below the surface
b. six wavelengths below the surface
c. close to or on the surface
d. three wavelengths below the surface

A

c. close to or on the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lamb waves can be used to detect:

a. defects near the surface of a thin material
b. lack of fusion in the center of a thick weldment
c. internal voids in diffusion bonds
d. thickness changes in heave plate material

A

a. defects near the surface of a thin material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ratio of the velocity of sound in water compared to that for aluminum or steel is approximately:

a. 1:4
b. 1:2
c. 1:8
d. 1:3

A

a. 1:4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The presence of a discontinuity will not produced a specific discontinuity indication on the UT scope screen when using the:

a. straight beam testing method
b. surface wave testing method
c. angle beam testing method
d. through-transmission testing method

A

a. straight beam testing method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At an interface between two different materials, an impedence difference results in:

a. reflection of the entire incident energy at the interface
b. absorption of sound
c. division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes
d. none of the above

A

c. division of sound energy into transmitted and reflected modes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During straight beam testing, test specimens with non-parallel front and back surfaces can cause:

a. partial or total loss of back reflection
b. no loss in back reflection
c. a widened (broad) back reflection indication
d. a focused (narrow) back reflection indication

A

a. partial or total loss of back reflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following search units would contain the thickest crystal:

a. 1 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 15 MHz
d. 25 MHz

A

a. 1 MHz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which circuit triggers the pulser and sweep circuits in an A-scan display?

a. Receiver-amplifier
b. power supply
c. clock
d. damping

A

c. clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

On an A-scan display, the “dead zone” refers to:

a. the distanced contained within the near field
b. the area outside the beam spread
c. the distance covered by the front surface pulse width and recovery time
d. the area between the near field and the far field

A

c. the distance covered by the the front surface pulse width and recovery time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Of the following scan types, which one can be used to produce a recording of flaw areas superimposed over a plan view of the test piece?

a. A-scan
b. B-scan
c. C-scan
d. D-scan

A

c. C-scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In immersion testing in a small tank, a manually operated manipulator is used to:

a. set the proper water path
b. set the proper transducer angle
c. set the proper index function
d. both a and b

A

d. both a and b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In straight (normal) beam contact testing, a reduction in the back surface reflection amplitude could indicate:

a. inadequate coupling
b. a flaw which is not normal to the beam
c. a near surface defect that cannot be resolved from the main bang (initial pulse)
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In an automatic scanning immersion unit, the bridge or carriage serves to:

a. support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally
b. control the angular and transverse positioning of the scanner tube
c. control the vertical and angular positioning of the scanner tube
d. raise and lower the transducer

A

a. support the manipulator and scanner tube and to move it about transversely and longitudinally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which best describes a typical display of a smooth surface which is perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam?

a. a broad indication
b. a sharp indication
c. the indication will not show due to improper orientation
d. a broad indication with high amplitude

A

b. a sharp indication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Compensation for the variation in echo height related to variation in discontinuity depth in the test material is known as:

a. transfer
b. attenuation
c. distance amplitude correction
d. interpretation

A

c. distance amplitude correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuity diminish exponentially as the distance increases?

a. far field zone
b near field
c. dead zone
d. fresnel zone

A

a. far field zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Using a pulse-echo technique, if the major plane of a flat discontinuity is orientated at some angle other than perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation, the result may be:

a. loss of signal linearity
b. loss or lack of a received discontinuity echo
c. focusing of the sound beam
d. loss of interference phenomena

A

b. loss or lack of a received discontinuity echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The velocity of sound in a material is dependent upon the:

a. frequency of the wave
b. wavelength
c. material properties (elasticity and density)
d. vibration cycle

A

c. material properties (elasticity and density)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Delay-tip (stand-off) type contact search units are primarily
used for:

a. defect detection
b. sound wave characterization
c. thickness measurement or flaw detection in thin materials
d. attenuation measurements

A

c. thickness measurement or flaw detection in thin materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave generated within the part will be:

a. longitudinal
b. shear
c. surface
d. lamb

A

b. shear

29
Q

The advantages of immersion testing include which of the following?

a. inspection speed increased
b. ability to control and direct sound beams
c. adaptability for automated scanning
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

30
Q

In immersion testing, a wetting agent is added to the water to:

a. adjust the viscosity
b. help eliminate the formation of air bubbles
c. prevent cloudiness
d. none of the above

A

a. adjust the viscosity

31
Q

Water travel distance for immersion inspections should be:

a. such that the second front reflection (water multiple) does not appear between the first front and back reflections
b. exactly 3” inches
c. less than 3” inches
d. always equal to the thickness of the material being inspected

A

a. such that the second front reflection (water multiple) does not appear between the first front and back reflections

32
Q

The angle formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocity than the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interface between the two media is called:

a. the angle of incidence
b. the angle of refraction
c. the angle of rarefaction
d. the angle of reflection

A

b. the angle of refraction

33
Q

a device that transforms electrical pulses into mechanical,
and vice versa utilizes:

a. snells law
b. piezoelectric principles
c. mode conversion principles
d. none of the above

A

b. piezoelectric principles

34
Q

The angular position of the reflecting surface of a planar discontinuity with respect to the entry surface is referred to as:

a. the angle of incidence
b. the angle of refraction
c. the orientation of the discontinuity
d. none of the above

A

c. the orientation of the discontinuity

35
Q

If a discontinuity is located in the Fresnel or “near field” region of a sound beam:

a. the larger the discontinuity, the larger the amplitude of the reflected signal
b. the closer to the surface the discontinuity is located, the larger will be the amplitude of reflected signal
c. in immersion testing, the amplitude of signal will increase as the water path decreases
d. in immersion testing, the amplitude of reflected signal may increase or decrease as water path decreases

A

c. in immersion testing, the amplitude of signal will increase as the water path decreases

36
Q

A transducer is vibrating at a frequency and injecting ultrasonic energy through water into a steel specimen:

a. the sound wavelength is the same in both water and the steel
b. the sound frequency in the water is less than the sound frequency in steel
c. the sound wavelength is not the same in both the water and the steel
d. the sound frequency in the water is greater than the sound frequency in steel

A

c. the sound wavelength is not the same in both the water and the steel

37
Q

Which of the following modes of vibration exhibits the shortest wavelength at a given frequency and in a given material?

a. longitudinal wave
b. compression wave
c. shear wave
d. surface wave

A

d. surface wave

38
Q

the distance from a given point on an ultrasonic wave to the next corresponding point is referred to as:

a. frequency
b. wavelength
c. velocity
d. pulse length

A

b. wavelength

39
Q

The speed with which ultrasonic waves travel through a material is known as its:

a. velocity of sound energy
b. pulse repetition rate of sound energy
c. pulse recovery rate of sound energy
d. ultrasonic response of sound energy

A

a. velocity of sound energy

40
Q

As the grain size increases in a material, its principal effect in ultrasonic testing is on the:

a. velocity of sound
b. attenuation
c. acoustic impedence
d. angle of refraction

A

b. attenuation

41
Q

The amount of energy reflected from a discontinuity will be dependent on:

a. the size of the discontinuity
b. the orientation of the discontinuity
c. the type of discontinuity
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

42
Q

Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonic attenuation losses?

a. 1 MHz
b. 2.25 MHz
c. 10 MHz
d. 25 MHz

A

d. 25 MHz

43
Q

Which ultrasonic test frequency would probably provide the best penetration in a 12” inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel?

a. 2.25 MHz
b. 1 MHz
c. 10 MHz
d. 25 MHz

A

b. 1 MHz

44
Q

Rough entry surface conditions can result in:

a. a loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities
b. an increase in the width of the front surface echo
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

A

c. both a and b

45
Q

The product of the acoustic velocity of sound in a material and the density of the material is the factor that determines the amount of reflection or transmission of ultrasonic energy when it reaches an interface. This term is called:

a. acoustic impedence
b. velocity
c. wavelength
d. penetration

A

a. acoustic impedence

46
Q

Compression waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation are called:

a. longitudinal waves
b. shear waves
c. lamb waves
d. rayleigh waves

A

a. longitudinal waves

47
Q

Which of the following modes of vibration are quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method?

a. longitudinal waves
b. shear waves
c. transverse waves
d. surface waves

A

d. surface waves

48
Q

The motion of particles in a shear wave is:

a. parallel to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam
b. transverse to the direction of beam propagation
c. limited to the material surface and elliptical in motion
d. polarized in a plane at 45 degrees to the direction of beam propagation

A

b. transverse to the direction of beam propagation

49
Q

As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, the angle of beam divergence of a given diameter crystal:

a. decreases
b. remains unchanged
c. increases
d. varies uniformly through each wavelenght

A

a. decreases

50
Q

A longitudinal ultrasonic wave is transmitted from water into steel at an angle of 5 degrees from the normal. In such a case, the refracted angle of the transverse wave is:

a. less than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave
b. equal to the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave
c. greater than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave
d. not present at all

A

a. less than the refracted angle of the longitudinal wave

51
Q

Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:

a. lithium sulfate
b. quartz
c. barium titanate
d. silver oxide

A

c. barium titanate

52
Q

Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound receiver is:

a. lithium sulfate
b. quartz
c. barium titanate
d. silver oxide

A

a. lithium sulfate

53
Q

Increasing the length of the pulse used to activate the search unit will:

a. increase the penetration of the ultrasound but decrease the resolving power of the instrument
b. increase the resolving power of the instrument
c. have no effect on the test
d. decrease the penetration of the sound wave

A

a. increase the penetration of the ultrasound but decrease the resolving power of the instrument

54
Q

Angle beam testing of plate will often miss:

a. cracks that are perpendicular to the sound wave
b. inclusions that are randomly orientated
c. laminations that are parallel to the front surface
d. a series of small discontinuities

A

c. laminations that are parallel to the front surface

55
Q

A 25 MHz search unit would most likely be used during:

a. straight beam contact testing
b. immersion testing
c. angle beam contact testing
d. surface wave contact testing

A

b. immersion testing

56
Q

In an A-scan presentation, the amplitude of vertical indications on the screen represents the:

a. amount of ultrasonic energy returning to the search unit
b. distance traveled by the search unit
c. thickness of material being tested
d. elapsed time since the ultrasonic pulse was generated

A

a. amount of ultrasonic energy returning to the search unit

57
Q

In ultrasonic testing, a liquid coupling medium between the crystal surface and the part surface is necessary because:

a. lubricant is required to minimize wear on the crystal surface
b. an air interface between the crystal surface and the part would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations
c. the crystal will not vibrate if placed directly in contact with the surface of the part being inspected
d. the liquid is necessary to complete the electrical circuit in the search unit

A

b. an air interface between the crystal surface and the part would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations

58
Q

All other factors being equal, which of the following modes of vibration has the greatest velocity?

a. shear wave
b. transverse wave
c. surface wave
d. longitudinal wave

A

d. longitudinal wave

59
Q

In immersion testing, verification that the search unit is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by:

a. maximum reflection from the entry surface
b. elimination of water multiples
c. proper wavelength
d. maximum amplitude of the initial pulse

A

a. maximum reflection from the entry surface

60
Q

Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called:

a. pulse echo testing
b. continuous wave testing
c. resonance testing
d. none of the above

A

a. pulse echo testing

61
Q

In an immersion test of a piece of steel or aluminum, the water distance appears on the display as a fairly wide space between the initial pulse and the front surface reflection because of:

a. reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen
b. increased velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen
c. temperature of the water
d. all of the above

A

a. reduced velocity of sound in water as compared to test specimen

62
Q

In the immersion technique, the distance between the face of the transducer and the test surface (water path) is usually adjusted so that the time required to send the sound beam through the water:

a. is equal to the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece
b. is greater than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece
c. is less than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece
d. none of the above

A

b. is greater than the time required for the sound to travel through the test piece

63
Q

The term used to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to distinguish between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface is:

a. sensitivity
b. penetration
c. segragation
d. resolution

A

d. resolution

64
Q

The reference holes in standard aluminum area amplitude ultrasonic test blocks contain:

a. flat bottom holes
b. concave-surface holes
c. convex-surface holes
d. conical-shaped holes

A

a. flat bottom holes

65
Q

An amplitude type gate is necessary for all:

a. shear wave examinations
b. longitudinal wave examinations
c. automatic examinations
d. manual examinations

A

c. automatic examinations

66
Q

A “B”-scan display shows the relative:

a. distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its through-dimension
b. distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its length in the direction of transducer travel
c. cross sectional area of a discontinuity above a predetermined amplitude
d. none of the above

A

b. distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and its length in the direction of transducer travel

67
Q

A set of standard reference blocks with different size reflector at the same depth is referred to as:

a. distance/amplitude standards
b. area/amplitude standards
c. variable frequency blocks
d. beam spread measuring blocks

A

b. area/amplitude standards

68
Q

Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power?

a. 1 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 10 MHz
d. 25 MHz

A

d. 25 MHz

AWS CWI (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions