ultranationalism Flashcards
What is ultranationalism?
Ultranationalism is an extreme form of nationalism characterized by hostility toward other nations, often involving elements of racism and fanaticism.
How do people disagree on when nationalism becomes ultranationalism?
The transition from nationalism to ultranationalism is subjective, varying based on views of good vs. bad nationalism, civic vs. ethnic nationalism, and the nation one belongs to.
What may ultranationalism be associated with?
Ultranationalism may be associated with a fanatical belief in the rights of one’s own group and a fear of those who challenge those beliefs.
Provide an example of an incident associated with ultranationalism.
The murder of Hrant Dink, a Turkish journalist, was thought to be an act of ultranationalism due to his writings on the Armenian genocide.
Does discussing incidents like Hrant Dink’s murder help in deciding where to draw the line between nationalism and ultranationalism?
Yes, discussing such incidents can provide insights into the distinctions between nationalism and ultranationalism, considering factors like free speech, ethnic tensions, and extreme nationalism.
What can spark extreme nationalism according to some people?
Drastic economic and social changes leading to unemployment and poverty are believed to spark extreme nationalism.
What happened after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991?
Russia and 14 other independent republics emerged, but the transition was difficult, leading to insecurity about the future and breeding hatred, especially towards immigrants and asylum seekers.
What did Alexander Verkhovsky state about the population’s idea in 2006?
Alexander Verkhovsky stated that most of the Russian population supported the idea of ‘Russia for Russians,’ meaning for ethnic Russians, not necessarily for Russian citizens.
How did Joseph Stalin try to replace the loyalties of distinct national groups
Stalin aimed to replace the loyalties with Soviet nationalism and persecuted any group that objected as a “criminal nation.”
What were the consequences of Stalin’s actions on Ukrainians?
Ukrainians faced brutal treatment, including confiscation of crops leading to a famine where up to 10 million Ukrainians starved to death in the 1930s. Stalin also outlawed the use of the Ukrainian language, and Ukrainians became the largest group of political prisoners in forced-labor camps.
How did Stalin deal with those accused of being “enemies of the people”?
Stalin rid the Communist Party of anyone accused of being an “enemy of the people,” leading to thousands of executions and millions sent to slave-labor camps.
Can you provide an example of an individual affected by Stalin’s actions?
An example includes a man who took down a portrait of Stalin to paint a wall and Ukrainian artist Nikolai Getman, who was in a café when another artist drew a cartoon of Stalin.
What is propaganda, and how do extreme nationalists use it?
Propaganda is information spread to achieve a specific goal, often misleading and dishonest. Extreme nationalists use propaganda to manipulate emotions, particularly fear and insecurity, and persuade people to behave in certain ways.
Provide examples of propaganda techniques mentioned in the text.
Propagandists use tactics such as calling opponents names, downplaying failures, using respected symbols, and appealing to fears to influence people.
How was the poster of Stalin an example of Soviet propaganda?
Despite millions being sent to forced-labor camps, Stalin’s propagandists created posters, slogans, songs, speeches, and banners glorifying extreme nationalism, presenting Stalin as a caring father of the Soviet peoples.
How did the Nazis use propaganda to promote extreme nationalism in Germany?
The Nazis, led by Joseph Goebbels, utilized newspapers, radio, film, and a massive propaganda organization to preach the supremacy of the German people and foster hatred for Jews.
How can ultranationalism develop, according to the text?
Ultranationalism can develop through a combination of factors, including social and economic crises, the emergence of a charismatic authoritarian leader, and national traditions and myths promoting feelings of superiority.
What role did the Great Depression play in the growth of extreme nationalism?
The Great Depression of the 1930s provided fertile ground for extreme nationalism worldwide, as economic losses affected the pursuit of national interests.
How did economic conditions in Germany after World War I contribute to the rise of the Nazi Party?
Economic hardship, including extreme inflation, debt, and unemployment in Germany after World War I, created a fertile environment for the Nazi Party’s rise. Adolf Hitler gained support and was elected in 1933, leading to the establishment of the Nazi Reich with Hitler as dictator.
Who gave a speech honoring Adolf Hitler’s 50th birthday in April 1939?
Joseph Goebbels, the minister for public enlightenment and propaganda in Nazi Germany.
What was the tone and content of Goebbels’ speech?
The tone was celebratory, praising Hitler’s influence on German and European history. It portrayed Hitler as a legendary figure and claimed he gave Europe a new direction.
According to Goebbels, what impact did Hitler have on Germany and Europe?
Goebbels claimed Hitler restored Germany to its rightful position, influencing not only German but all of European history and guaranteeing a new order for Europe.
What did Winston Churchill highlight in his speech delivered two years after the beginning of World War II?
Churchill highlighted the tragedies, horrors, and crimes brought upon Europe and the world by Hitler and the Nazi regime. He emphasized the misery of conquered peoples, the brutality of the Nazi regime, and the suppression of traditions and cultures.
How did Churchill express determination to resist Hitler?
Churchill expressed determination to resist Hitler by land and sea, stating that in the island fortress of Britain, Hitler would ultimately have to reckon. He pledged to continue the resistance with the help of God until the task was done.
What contrasting perspectives on Hitler and the war do these speeches present?
Goebbels’ speech portrays Hitler positively as a legendary figure shaping European history, while Churchill’s speech condemns Hitler for the atrocities committed during the war and expresses determination to resist Nazi aggression.
What advice does the text provide for students as they progress through the course?
Students are advised to assess the validity of information by analyzing and evaluating reliability, context, bias, objectivity, and evidence, considering various points of view on nationalism and how national interest should be pursued.
How did Japan support the Allies during World War I?
Japan supported the Allies during World War I, leading to increased Japanese exports to Europe and the United States after the war.
What impact did the Great Depression have on Japan?
The Great Depression led to a decrease in Japanese exports as trading partners limited imports, causing job losses. Additionally, a rice crop failure in 1932 resulted in famine.
Why did Japanese ultranationalists blame politicians for the economic crisis?
Japanese ultranationalists blamed politicians for the economic crisis, exacerbated by the Great Depression and restrictions on Japanese immigrants by the United States, Canada, and Australia.
What action did Japan take in response to economic challenges and limited resources?
In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, northeastern China, to secure raw materials and markets for Japanese products.
By 1937, who controlled the Japanese government, and what was the state of Japan?
The military controlled the Japanese government by 1937, and Japan was at war with China. Military leaders revived traditional warrior values and created a cult around Emperor Hirohito.
