Ultimate Good Topic Flashcards
transitory
Pleasure
doesn’t cover all aspects
Pleasure
based on subjective views of others
Fame & Honor
living well and doing well
Happiness
Happiness or welfare, human flourishing or prosperity
Eudaimonia
Transcends all aspects of life for it is about living well and doing well in whatever one does
Eudaimonia
Happiness is unique to humans for it is a uniquely human function
Eudaimonia
- excellence of any kind
- moral virtue
Arete
Two types of Virtue
1) Intellectual Virtue
2) Moral Virtue
virtue of thought
Intellectual Virtue
achieved through education, time, and experience
Intellectual Virtue
achieved through education, time, and experience
Intellectual Virtue
acquired through self-taught knowledge and skills
Intellectual Virtue
acquired through self-taught knowledge and skills
Intellectual Virtue
virtue of character
Moral Virtue
achieved through habitual practice
Moral Virtue
Key Moral Virtues:
• Generosity
• Temperance
• Courage
developed by repeatedly being unselfish
Generosity
developed by repeatedly resisting and foregoing every inviting opportunity
Temperance
developed by repeatedly exhibiting the proper action and emotional response in the face of danger
Courage
Aristotle’s Tripartite Soul
• Rational
• Sensitive
• Nutritive
Based on Aristotle Tripartite Soul Humans are:
• rational
• theoretical
• practical
Based on Aristotle’s Tripartite Soul Animals are:
• partly rational
• locomotion
• perception
Based on Aristotle’s Tripartite Soul Plants are:
• non-rational
• growth, nutrition
• reproduction
school of thought led by Democritus and Leucippus (around 430 - 670 BC)
Materialism
There is no need to posit immaterial entities as sources of purpose.
Materialism
Only material entities matter.
Materialism
Matter is what makes us attain happiness.
Materialism
This belief aims that comfort, pleasure, and wealth, are the only highest goals.
Materialism
• school of thought led by Epicurus
• Hedonists see the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure.
Hedonism
Life is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is limited.
Hedonism
“Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die.”
Hedonism
Hedonists strive to maximize their total pleasure, and if the pleasure was finally gained, happiness remains fixed.
Hedonism
Originally Apatheism
Stoicism
• school of thought also led by Epicurus
• espoused the idea that to generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic
Stoicism
Happiness can only be attained by a careful practice of apathy.
Stoicism
Finding the meaning of life using God as a fulcrum of their existence.
Theism
The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is the communion with God.
Theism
affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape their own lives
Humanism
espouses the freedom of man to carve his own destiny and to legislate his own laws, free from the shackles of a God that monitors and controls
Humanism
