ulceration Flashcards
what is ulceration
localised defect where there is destruction of epithelium exposing the underlying connective tissue
Name 4 causes of ulceration
trauma, allergy, infection, neoplastic, idiopathic, nutritional deficiencies
vesicle vs blister
vesicle - small fluid filled lump
blister - larger fluid filled lump
describe the appearance of a typical traumatic ulcer
connective tissue in centre (yellow) with keratinised gingiva border (white)
normally surrounding mucosa is normal and ulcer is soft
describe the appearance of a typical aphthous ulcer
painful red border with yelow/ white centre
What tests would be required if investigating RAU
FBC, vit B12, folate, ferritin and coeliac screen
Behcets disease
rare condition that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout the body. Almost all will have mouth ulcers
what are the 3 different types/classes of recurrrent aphthous stomatitis
major
minor
herpetiform
herpetiform RAS
characterised by multiple small ulcers that may coalesce
major RAS
characterised by ulcers greater than 1cm which take a long time to heal
minor RAS
characterised by ulcers less than 1cm that heal within 2-3 weeks
what type of gingiva do RAS ulcers usually appear
non - keratinised
necrotising sialometaplasia
rare condition seeing necrosis of minor salivary gland, typically seen on the palate and in smokers
describe the ‘moveability’ of neoplastic ulcers vs aphthous ulcers
neoplastic are non moveable (n=n), if try and move tongue ulcer, whole tongue will move
Aphthous ulcers are moveable as the only affect the epithelium
recurrent self healing ulcer on non keratinised mucosa - most likely diagnosis?
recurrent aphthous ulceration
recurring ulcers affecting keratinised mucosa - most likely cause?
viral infections
what virus causes hand foot and mouth disease
coxsackie virus
most common age to get hand foot and mouth disease (coxsackie virus)
5-7 years old
where are ulcers found in mouth during coxsackie virus infection
throat, hard and soft palate = most common
also tongue, cheeks, gingivae
describe the characteristic Crohn’s ulcer
linear fissue ulcers along depth of sulcus, last for months
what two types of ulcers might be seen simultaneously in a Crohn’s patient mouth
linear fissue ulcer, assosciated with the disease
Oval aphthous ulcers - due to haematinic deficiencies
diagnosis of behcets disease
recurrent oral ulceration >=3 times in 12 months
plus at least 2 of…
- eye inflammation
- recurrent genital ulceration
- skin ulcers
- pathergy (exaggerated response to trauma)
