UL Flashcards
1
Q
What is the major medial rotator of the arm at the shoulder joint?
A
Subscapularis
2
Q
What is responsible for abduction of the thumb?
A
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
3
Q
What flexes the MCP joint of the thumb?
A
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
4
Q
What opposes the thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on the trapezium?
A
Opponens Pollicis
5
Q
What 3 muscles make up the thenar eminence of the hand?
A
Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis
6
Q
What nerve innervates the thenar muscles of the hand?
A
Median Nerve
7
Q
What rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm, causing opposition?
A
Opponens digiti minimi
8
Q
What abducts the little finger?
A
Abductor digiti minimi
9
Q
What flexes the MCP joint of the little finger?
A
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
10
Q
What is responsible for flexion at the MCP joint and extension at the interphalangeal joints of each digit.
A
Lumbricals
11
Q
What abducts the fingers at the MCP joint?
A
Dorsal Interossei
12
Q
What adducts the fingers at the MCP joint
A
Palmar Interossei
13
Q
What is responsible for adduction of the thumb?
A
Adductor Pollicis
14
Q
What wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip?
A
Palmaris Brevis
15
Q
What muscle originates from the tubercles of the Scaphoid and Trapezium and inserts into the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb?
A
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
16
Q
What muscle originates from the tubercle of the trapezium and from the associated flexor retinaculum and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb?
A
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
17
Q
What muscle originates from the tubercle of the trapezium and the associated flexor retinaculum and inserts into the lateral margin of the metacarpal of the thumb?
A
Opponens Pollicis
18
Q
What muscle originates from the hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum and inserts into the medial margin of the fifth metacarpal?
A
Opponens Digiti Minimi
19
Q
What muscle originates from the pisiform and the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger?
A
Abductor Digiti Minimi
20
Q
What muscle originates from the hook of hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger?
A
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
21
Q
What group of muscles originate from a tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus and pass dorsally and laterally around each finger, and insert into the extensor hood.
A
Lumbricals
22
Q
What interossei originate from the lateral and medial surfaces of the metacarpals and insert into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger?
A
Dorsal Interossei
23
Q
What interossei originate from either a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal and insert into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger?
A
Palmar Interossei
24
Q
What muscle has the transverse head originate from metacarpal III and the oblique head originating from the capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb?
A
Adductor Pollicis
25
What muscle originates from the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum and inserts into the dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand.
Palmaris brevis
26
What muscle is responsible for flexion and adduction at the wrist?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
27
What muscle has its humeral head originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus with the other superficial flexors, with the ulnar head originating from the olecranon of the ulnar and inserts into the pisiform bone, hook of hamate, and base of the 5th metacarpal?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
28
What muscle is responsible for flexion at the wrist?
Palmaris Longus
29
What muscle originates from the medial epicondyle and inserts into the flexor retinaculum of the wrist?
Palmaris Longus
30
What muscle is responsible for flexion and abduction at the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
31
What muscle originates from the medial epicondyle and inserts into the base of metacarpals II and III.
Flexor Carpi Radialis
32
What muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?
Pronator Teres
33
What muscle originates from the medial epicondyle, and the coronoid process of the ulna and inserts laterally into the mid-shaft of the radius?
Pronator Teres
34
What muscle is responsible for flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexion at the wrist?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
35
What muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and from the radius and inserts into the middle phalange of each finger?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
36
What muscle is responsible for flexing the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers and flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and flexion of the wrist?
Flexor digitorum profundus
37
What muscle originates from the ulna and associated interosseous membrane, splits into four tendons, that pass through the carpal tunnel and insert into the distal phalanges of the four fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus
38
What muscle is responsible for flexing the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
39
What muscle originates from the anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane and inserts into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
40
What muscle is responsible for flexing the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus
41
What muscle in the deep anterior forearm is responsible for pronating the forearm?
Pronator quadratus
42
What muscle originates from the anterior surface of the ulna and inserts into the anterior surface of the radius?
Pronator quadratus
43
What muscle is responsible for flexion at the elbow?
Brachioradialis
44
What muscle originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and inserts into the distal end of the radius, just before the radial styloid process?
Brachioradialis
45
What muscle(s) is responsible for extension and abduction at the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
46
What muscle originates from the supracondylar ridge and inserts into metacarpal II and III?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
47
What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle and inserts into metacarpal II and III?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
48
What muscle is responsible for extension of the medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints?
Extensor digitorum communis
49
What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle, continues into the distal part of the forearm, where it splits into four, and inserts into the extensor hood of each finger?
Extensor digitorum communis
50
What muscle is responsible for extension of the little finger, and contributes to extension at the wrist?
Extensor digiti minimi
51
What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts, with the extensor digitorum tendon, into the extensor hood of the little finger?
Extensor digiti minimi
52
What muscle is responsible for extension and adduction of wrist?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
53
What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the base of metacarpal V?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
54
What muscle is responsible for extension and stabilisation of the elbow joint an abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm?
Anconeus
55
What muscle originates from the lateral epicondyle and inserts into the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon?
Anconeus
56
What muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Supinator
57
What muscle has one head originate from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus while the other originates from the posterior surface of the ulna where they insert together into the posterior surface of the radius?
Supinator
58
What muscle in the deep posterior forearm is responsible for abduction of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus
59
What muscle originates from the interosseous membrane and the adjacent posterior surfaces of the radius and ulna, and inserts into the lateral side of the base of metacarpal I?
Abductor pollicis longus
60
What muscle is responsible for extension at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb?
Extensor pollicis brevis
61
What muscle originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane and inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb?
Extensor pollicis brevis
62
What muscle is responsible for extension of all joints of the thumb; carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal?
Extensor pollicis longus
63
What muscle originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane and inserts into the distal phalanx of the thumb?
Extensor pollicis longus
64
What muscle is responsible for extension of the index finger?
Extensor indicis proprius or extensor indices
65
What muscle originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane, distal to the extensor pollicis longus and inserts into the extensor hood of the index finger?
Extensor indicis proprius or extensor indices
66
What are the 3 ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular ligament, conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament
67
What classification of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial plane joint
68
What 3 ligaments are present in the sternoclavicular joint?
Sternoclavicular ligaments (anterior and posterior), interclavicular ligament and costoclavicular ligament
69
What classification of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial plane joint
70
What bursae are present in the shoulder joint?
Subacromial and subscapular
71
What 2 bursae are present in the shoulder joint?
Subacromial and subscapular
72
What 5 ligaments are present in the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral ligament, coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, coracoclavicular ligament and acromioclavicular ligament
73
What classification of joint is the shoulder joint?
Synovial ball and socket joint
74
What 3 bursae are present in the elbow joint?
Intratendious, subtendinous and subcutaneous
75
What 3 ligaments are present in the elbow joint?
Radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament and annular ligament
76
What classification of joint is the elbow joint?
Synovial hinge joint
77
What ligament is present in the proximal radioulnar ligament?
Annular ligament
78
What classification of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
Synovial pivot joint
79
What 3 ligaments are present in the distal radioulnar joint?
Anterior radioulnar ligament, posterior radioulnar ligament and articular disk
80
What classification of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?
Synovial pivot joint
81
What sheet of connective tissue holds the radius and ulna together and acts as a site of attachment for the muscles of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane
82
Function of Subclavius
Stabilises clavicle
83
Origin + Insertion of Subclavius
```
O = 1st rib and costal cartilage
I = Subclavian groove of clavicle
```
84
Innervation of Subclavius
Nerve to subclavius (C5-6)
85
Function of Pec Major
Adducts and medially rotates arm
86
Origin + Insertion of Pec Major
```
O = Medial half of clavicle, sternal body, manubrium, true ribs, external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
I = Crest of greater tubercle
```
87
Innervation of Pec Major and Pec Minor
Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
88
Function of Pec Minor
Protracts shoulder joint
89
Origin + Insertion of Pec Minor
```
O = 3-5th ribs
I = Coracoid process of scap
```
90
Function of Serratus Anterior
Protracts Scapula
91
Origin + Insertion of Serratus Anterior
```
O = Surfaces of 1st-9th ribs quite laterally
I = Medial border of scap
```
92
Innervation of Serratus Anterior
Long thoracic nerve
93
Function of Deltoid's 3 parts
Clavicular part - flexes arm
Acromial part - abducts arm
Scapular spinal part - extends arm
94
Origin of Deltoid's 3 parts
Clavicular part - lateral third of clavicle
Acromial part - acromion
Scapular spinal part - spine of scapula
95
Insertion of Deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
96
Innervation of Deltoid
Axillary nerve
97
Function of Trapezius' 3 parts
Descending part - elevates shoulder
Transverse part - retracts shoulder
Ascending part - depresses shoulder
98
Origin of Trapezius
Occipital bone, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes
99
Insertion of Trapezius' 3 parts
Descending part - lateral third of clavicle
Transverse part - acromion
Ascending part - spine of scapula
100
Innervation of Trapezius
Accessory nerve
101
Function of Rhomboids Maj + Min
Retract scapula
102
Origin + Insertion of Rhomboids Major
```
O = Spinous processes of T2-5
I = Medial border of scap
```
103
Origin + Insertion of Rhomboids Minor
```
O = Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T1
I = Medial border of scap
```
104
Innervation of Rhomboids Major + Minor
Dorsal scapular nerve
105
Function of Levator Scapulae
Elevate shoulder
106
Origin + Insertion of Levator Scapulae
```
O = C1-C4
I = Superior angle of scap
```
107
Innervation of Levator Scapulae
Ant. rami of spinal nerves
108
Function of Lat. D
Adducts and medially rotates arm
109
Origin + Insertion of Lat. D
```
O = T7 - L5 spinous processes and thoracolumbar fascia
I = Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
```
110
Innervation of Lat. D
Thoracodorsal nerve
111
Function of Subscapularis
Medially rotate arm
112
Origin + Insertion of Subscapularis
```
O = Subscapular fossa
I = Lesser tubercle of humerus
```
113
Innervation of Subscapularis
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
114
Function of Supraspinatus
Adducts arm
115
Origin + Insertion of Supraspinatus
```
O = Supraspinous fossa
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
```
116
Innervation of supraspinatus and infraspinatus
Subscapular nerve
117
Function of Infrapsinatus
Laterally rotates arm
118
Origin + Insertion of Infraspinatus
```
O = Infraspinous fossa
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
```
119
Function of Teres Major
Medially rotate arm
120
Origin + Insertion of Teres Major
```
O = Inferior angle of scap
I = Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
```
121
Innervation of Teres Major
Lower subscapular nerve
122
Function of Teres Minor
Laterally rotates arm
123
Origin + Insertion of Teres Minor
```
O = Superior half of lateral border of scap
I = Greater tubercle of humerus
```
124
Innervation of Teres Minor
Axillary nerve
125
Function of Biceps Brachii
Flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm, flexes arm at shoulder joint
126
Origin + Insertion of Biceps Brachii
O = Long - Supraglenoid tubercle
Short - Coracoid process
I = Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis → antebrachial fascia
127
Innervation of the anterior compartment of the arn
Musculocutaneous nerve
128
Function of Coracobrachialis
Adducts and flexes arm
129
Origin + Insertion of Coracobrachialis
```
O = Coracoid process
I = Medial aspect of humerus
```
130
Function of Brachialis
Flexes forearm at elbow (most effective when pronated)
131
Origin + Insertion of Brachialis
```
O = Distal half of humerus
I = Coronoid process and tubercle of ulna
```
132
Function of Triceps Brachii
Extends arm (long head), extends forearm at elbow joint
133
Origin of Triceps Brachii
Long - infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral - above radial groove
Medial - below radial groove
134
Insertion of Triceps Brachii
Olecranon of ulna
