UK Landscape Flashcards
Steep gradient valley
V shaped valley narrow and shallow channels
Medium gradient valley
Gently sloping valley sides deeper channel then v shaped balley
Gentle gradient valley
U shaped valley wide sides deep channel
Vertical erosion
High turbulence causes the rough angular particles to be scraped along the river bed causing intense downwards erosion
Lateral erosion
Widens river valley and channel during the formation of meander
Igneous rock type
usually hard e.g granite
Igneous rock formation
when molten rock (magma) from the mantle cools down and hardens
Sedimentary main rock types in UK and formation
Carboniferous limestone, hard, and chalk, soft. Formed from tiny shells and skeletons of dead sea creatures
Clays and shales
Discordant coastline
Some coastlines are made up of alternating bands of hard and soft rock that are at right angles to the coast
Erosional landforms like bays and headlands are most common on discordant coastlines cuz the bands of rock are being eroded at different rates
Concordant coastline
Alternating bands of hard and soft rock are parallel to the coast
Tectonic activity in UK
Active volcanoes
Plate collision
Plate movement
How human changed landscape
Agriculture
Forestry
Settlements
Destructive waves
High steep and have high frequency (10-14 waves per min)
Backwash is more powerful than their swash
Storms increse power
Where are headlands and bays
Along discordant coastlines
How headlands form caves, arches and stacks
Headlands are usually mace of resistant rocks that have weaknesses like cracks
Waves enlarge cracks through hydraulic power and abrasion
Repeated erosion forms caves
Repeated erosion forms an arch
Repeated erosion forms a stack
