UK in the 21st Century Flashcards
How is frontal rainfall formed?
Cold, denser air forces warmer, less dense air over the top where it cools, condenses and precipitation occurs
How is relief rainfall formed?
Warm moist air rises over relief, cools and condenses. creates rain shadow due to no more moisture in air because it is over land
How is convectional rainfall formed?
Warm air rises, cools and condenses
What are the different air masses impacting UK?
N - arctic maritime
E - polar continental
SE - tropical continental
SW - tropical maritime (Gulf Stream making UK warmer than other countries on same latitude)
NW - polar maritime
Stats for housing shortages
3.6 million in overcrowded homes
340,000 new houses a year needed but only 230,000 are being built
Reasons for housing shortages
Later/never marrying
Move out of home earlier
Increasing population
Explain each stage of the Demographic Transition Model
1 - very high BR, very high DR
2 - still high BR, gradual decrease in DR (basic medicines/hygiene)
3 - relatively high BR (around 4 per woman), decreasing DR
4 - low BR, low DR, population evens out
5 - low BR, DR begins climbing above BR (ageing population)
Government response to UK ageing population
Good:
65-68 by 2046
Allow young, skilled migrant workers, net 700,000 migrants into UK in 2024
Bad:
Failure to increase BR
Inevitable poor dependency ratio in future (population pyramid with baby boom in 1970’s)
Poor spatial distribution of elderly so even higher dependency ratio in coastal/rural areas
Causes of ageing population?
Baby boom in 1970’s - wide population growth in middle but soon will retire
Improved healthcare
Stats for UK media exports
Economy and employment:
259,000 jobs such as Pinewood Studios based in Buckinghamshire, £1.027 billion revenue
Global soft power
Exported to most countries in the world, rapidly increasing in sub-saharan Africa
e.g. Top Gear, 170 countries, 350 million viewers
Promotes English language worldwide - increased business
Stats for UK changing job market since 2001
2008 recession:
unemployment rose from 1.6 million to 2.7 million by 2011
government offered tax incentives to encourage people to continue investing in own businesses
zero-hour contracts but risky due to not guaranteed hours so unstable income
quaternary sector:
77% in tertiary and quaternary to 82% now
helped by growth of science/business parks such as Cambridge Science Park with 1,400 businesses
